Table 1.

Human tracer kinetic studies of the effects of FO treatment on lipoprotein synthesis and clearance rates

Study	N	Tracer	omega-3 (g/d)	Duration (weeks)	Baseline plasma TG (mg/dL) a	% change in fasting plasma TG	Kinetic Parameter (% change)
							Production rate	p-value	FCR	p-value
Change-from-baseline studies
Nestel37	6	125I apoB	19-29 b	2-3.5	277+/-131 b	-59% b	-65% b	0.002 b,c	26% b	0.09 b,c
	5	3H-glycerol	19-23 b	2-3.5	314+/-153 b	-68% b	-68% b	0.005 b,c	78% b	0.50 b,c
Sanders38	5	3H-glycerol	4.6 d	4	1136+/-532	-43% b	-39% b	0.03 b,c	6% b	0.36 b,c
Harris39	10	3H-glycerol	10-17	3-5	442+/-99	-66%	-45%	<0.005	65%	<0.005
Bordin40	10	13C-leucine	3	4	97+/-11	-22%	-29%	0.012	14%	0.09
Fisher41	5	3H-leucine	~9	1	591+/-188	-66%	-43%	0.01	5% e	n.s.
Randomized, controlled trials
Park42	33	3H-triolein	4 f	4	82+/-5 b	-9%	n.a.	n.a.	~30% g	<0.05
Chan43	48	2H-leucine	3.4	6	177+/-30	-28% h	-22% h	0.002	-4% h	n.s.
				conversion from VLDL to IDL:					55% h	0.002
Chan 44	Cholesteryl 24i	13C-oleate	3.4	6	177+/-30	-25%	-32%	<0.05	-4%	n.s.
				conversion from VLDL to IDL:					49%	<0.05

^aMean+/-SEM;

^bre-calculated from original tables;

^cpaired ANOVA on lg-transformed data;

^dEPA+DHA;

^emost prominent clearance pathway [R(16,19)] reported;

^fEPA or DHA ethyl esters;

^gestimated from slope;

^hadjusted effect size applied to FO group;

ⁱsubstudy of reference 43

Abbreviations: FCR - fractional catabolic rate; IDL - intermediate density lipoprotein; VLDL - very low density lipoprotein; n.a. - not applicable; n.s. - not significant; TG - triglyceride