Table 1.
General patient characteristics
| Parameter | All | Prophylaxis | Empiric therapy | Preemptive therapy | Definitive therapy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of patients | 303 | 29 | 140 | 85 | 49 |
| Characteristic Age | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| <65 years | 162 (54%) | 21 (72%) | 84 (60%) | 34 (40%) | 23 (47%) |
| ≥65 years | 303 (47%) | 8 (28%) | 56 (40%) | 51 (60%) | 26 (53%) |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 209 (69%) | 22 (76%) | 102 (73%) | 52 (61%) | 33 (67%) |
| Female | 94 (31%) | 7 (24%) | 38 (27%) | 33 (39%) | 16 (33%) |
| Weight | |||||
| <70 kg | 79 (26%) | 11 (38%) | 29 (21%) | 20 (24%) | 19 (39%) |
| ≥70 kg | 224 (74%) | 18 (62%) | 111 (79%) | 65 (76%) | 30 (61%) |
| APACHE II score at start of antifungal treatment (mean ± SD) | 19 ± 10 | 16 ± 7 | 19 ± 7 | 19 ± 8 | 21 ± 15 |
| SOFA score at start of antifungal treatment (mean ± SD) | 9 ± 5a | 10 ± 5 | 8 ± 5 | 9 ± 4 | 7 ± 3 |
| Neutropenic status at ICU admission < 500 cells/μL | 20 (7%) | 3 (10%) | 14 (10%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (2%) |
| Mechanical ventilation at study entry | 248 (82%) | 22 (76%) | 109 (78%) | 75 (88%) | 42 (86%) |
| Medical conditions before start of fluconazole therapy | |||||
| <3 | 94 (31%) | 14 (48%) | 50 (36%) | 19 (22%) | 11 (23%) |
| Risk factors for developing fungal infections | |||||
| <5 | 98 (32%) | 4 (14%) | 49 (35%) | 28 (33%) | 17 (35%) |
| Active malignancy | 60 (20%) | 11 (38%) | 27 (19%) | 10 (12%) | 12 (25%) |
| Acute renal failure | 141 (47%) | 11 (38%) | 62 (44%) | 45 (53%) | 23 (47%) |
| AIDS/HIV infection | 9 (3%) | 2 (7%) | 5 (4%) | 2 (2%) | 0 |
| Broad-spectrum antibiotic use immediately prior to IV fluconazole | 287 (95%) | 29 (100%) | 130 (93%) | 81 (95%) | 47 (96%) |
| Recent use of central venous catheter | 293 (97%) | 29 (100%) | 134 (96%) | 81 (96%) | 49 (100%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 92 (31%) | 8 (28%) | 37 (27%) | 27 (32%) | 20 (41%) |
| CRRT | 96 (32%) | 10 (35%) | 42 (30%) | 32 (38%) | 12 (25%) |
| Immunosuppressive medication | 51 (17%) | 13 (45%) | 25 (18%) | 11 (13%) | 2 (4%) |
| Neutropenia (ANc < 500 cells/μL) | 20 (7%) | 3 (10%) | 14 (10%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (2%) |
| Recent parenteral nutrition | 204 (67%) | 21 (72%) | 88 (63%) | 60 (71%) | 35 (71%) |
| Organ transplantation | 26 (9%) | 13 (45%) | 10 (7%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (2%) |
| Prior fungal colonization | 34 (11%) | 1 (3%) | 15 (11%) | 13 (15%) | 5 (10%) |
| Major surgery (within 30 days) | 210 (69%) | 25 (86%) | 95 (68%) | 54 (64%) | 36 (74%) |
| Trauma | 42 (14%) | 4 (14%) | 21 (15%) | 12 (14%) | 5 (10%) |
Notes: Data are % of patients, unless otherwise indicated; an = 148.
Abbreviations: AIDS/HIV, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus; ANC, absolute neutrophil count; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; CRRT, (continuous) renal replacement therapy including hemodialysis; ICU, intensive care unit; IV, intravenous; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.