Table 3.
Offspring and Family Variables at Baseline by Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) Status During Follow-Up
| Offspring Variables | No NSSI (n = 326) | NSSI (n = 26) | Test | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, y | 18.3 ± 6.9 | 13.7 ± 3.9 | t = 5.35 | < .001 |
| Sex, female, % (n/n) | 48.2 (157/326) | 53.8 (14/26) | χ2 = 0.31 | .58 |
| Race, white, % (n/n) | 67.6 (215/318) | 73.1 (19/26) | χ2 = 0.33 | .57 |
| Site, Pittsburgh, % (n/n) | 80.1 (261/326) | 88.5 (23/26) | χ2 = 1.09 | .30 |
| Suicide attempt, % (n/n) | 7.7 (25/326) | 23.1 (6/26) | FET | .02 |
| DSM-IV diagnoses, % (n/n) | ||||
| Depression | 33.3 (108/324) | 50.0 (13/26) | χ2 = 2.96 | .09 |
| Bipolar disorder | 4.0 (13/323) | 3.8 (1/26) | FET | > .99 |
| Anxiety disorder | 28.8 (93/323) | 34.6 (9/26) | χ2 = 0.39 | .53 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 9.7 (30/308) | 11.5 (3/26) | FET | .73 |
| Alcohol or substance abuse | 17.7 (56/316) | 7.7 (2/26) | FET | .28 |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disordera | 19.5 (39/200) | 30.4 (7/23) | FET | .27 |
| Eating disorder | 2.0 (6/297) | 0.0 (0/26) | FET | > .99 |
| Cluster B personality disorderb | 5.0 (6/119) | 33.3 (1/3) | FET | .16 |
| Clinical characteristics, mean ± SD | ||||
| Depressive symptomsc | −0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.7 ± 1.3 | t = 6.12 | .01 |
| Hopelessnessc | −0.02 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 1.6 | t = 22.10 | < .001 |
| Impulsivityc | −0.06 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 1.1 | t = .54 | .46 |
| Impulsive aggressionc | 0.01 ± 1.0 | 0.5 ± 1.1 | t = 1.84 | .18 |
| Aggression | 18.1 ± 6.3 | 22.0 ± 8.7 | t = 8.65 | < .001 |
| Anxiety | 15.8 ± 11.0 | 27.4 ± 16.1 | t = 8.91 | < .001 |
| Self-reported depressive symptomsc | −0.02 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 1.7 | t = 28.32 | < .001 |
| Current suicidal ideation | 0.1 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 4.0 | t = 51.88 | < .001 |
| Highest lifetime suicidal ideation | 0.2 ± 1.3 | 1.1 ± 3.9 | t = 23.92 | < .001 |
| Physical or sexual abuse, % (n/n) | 21.3 (36/169) | 16.7 (1/6) | FET | > .99 |
| Family characteristics: adaptability and cohesion | 49.4 ± 9.10 | 47.7 ± 9.80 | t = 0.33 | .57 |
a
Assessed only in offspring aged < 18 years.
b
Assessed only in offspring aged ≥ 18 years.
c
Standardized to produce z scores.
Abbreviations: DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; FET = Fisher exact test.