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Endothelial cell dose enhancement factor (DEF) as a function of local nanoparticle concentration due to photoelectrons (A), Auger electrons (B) for 400 nm diameter nanoparticles irradiated by a 50 kVp external beam X-ray source; Endothelial cell dose enhancement factor (DEF) as a function of nanoparticle radius (r) due to photoelectrons (C), Auger electrons (D) for 7 mg of nanoparticles per gram of tumor irradiated by a 50 kVp external beam X-ray source.
