Table 4.
Description of population, intervention, comparison, outcomes measures in systematic reviews
| Systematic Review | Population | Intervention | Comparison | Outcome Measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Aladro-Gonzalvo et al. (2012) [10] |
Nonspecific low back pain greater than 6 weeks or recurrent (twice per year) |
60 minute sessions |
Usual care, normal exercise or sports, back school exercise+, lumbar stabilisation exercise, massage, physiotherapy |
Pain: MBI–pain, NRS-101, VAS |
| 1–7 sessions/week |
Disability: ODQ, RMDQ |
|||
| 10 days −12 weeks | ||||
| 2. La Touche et al. (2008) [6] |
Nonspecific low back pain greater than 6 weeks or recurrent (twice/year) |
50–60 minute sessions |
Usual care, back school exercise+ |
Pain: NRS–101, RMVAS, VAS |
| 1–7 sessions/week |
Disability: ODQ, RMDQ |
|||
| 10 days–6 weeks | ||||
| 3. Lim et al. (2011) [7] |
Non specific low back pain of any duration or recurrence rate |
30–60 minute sessions |
Usual care, no exercise, back school exercise +, lumbar stabilisation exercise, massage, physiotherapy |
Pain: MBI–pain, NRS-101, RMVAS, VAS |
| 1–7 sessions/week | ||||
|
Disability: ODI, ODQ, RMDQ | ||||
| 10 days–12 weeks | ||||
| 4. Pereira et al. (2012) [8] |
Non specific low back pain of any duration or recurrence rate |
30–60 minute sessions |
Usual care, lumbar stabilisation exercise massage, physiotherapy |
Pain: SF-36 Pain, NRS–101, RMVAS, VAS |
| 1–3 sessions/week | ||||
|
Disability: ODI, ODQ, RMDQ | ||||
| 4–8 weeks | ||||
| 5. Posadzki et al. (2011) [9] |
Nonspecific low back pain greater than 6 weeks or recurrent (twice/year); specific low back pain with disc pathology greater than 6 weeks |
15–60 minute sessions |
Usual care, back school exercise+ |
Pain: NRS−11, NRS–101, RMVAS, VAS |
| |
|
1–7 sessions/week |
|
Disability: ODQ, RMDQ |
| 10 days–12 months |
Abbreviations: MBI-pain - Miami Back Index pain subscale; NRS −11 - 11 point Numeric Rating Scale; NRS −101 - 101 point Numeric Rating Scale; ODI - Oswestry Disability Index; ODQ - Oswestry Low Back Pain Questionnaire; RMDQ - Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire; RMVAS -Roland Morris Visual Analog Scale; SF-36 Pain - Short Form Health Survey – Pain; VAS - Visual Analog Scale.
+ Back school exercise includes respiratory and postural education, muscle strengthening and mobilisation exercise [7,23].