Table 1.
Personal characteristics and characteristics of online behaviors of the study population of 5,122 Shanghai adolescents
| Variables | N | Percentage (%) | Internet use %(Nusing internet/ Nwhole)c | Total Scorea(mean ± SD) | Internet addictionb%(Ninternet addiction/ Nwhole)d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gender (missing n=8) | ||||||
| Female (ref.) |
2580 |
50.4% |
95.1% (2453 / 2580) |
117.0 ± 38.1 |
6.4% (164 / 2580) |
|
| Male |
2534 |
49.6% |
92.6% (2347 / 2534)**e |
122.4 ± 43.5***e |
11.3% (285 / 2534)***e |
|
|
Grade (missing n=1) | ||||||
| Junior high school students (ref.) |
1915 |
37.4% |
92.6% (1774 / 1915) |
110.3 ± 42.4 |
7.1% (135 / 1915) |
|
| Senior high school students |
3206 |
62.6% |
94.6% (3033 / 3206)** |
125.3 ± 39.0*** |
9.8% (315 / 3206)** |
|
|
School type (missing n=2) |
||||||
| Junior high school (ref.) |
1907 |
37.2% |
92.7% (1768 / 1907) |
110.4 ± 42.3 |
7.1% (135 / 1907) |
|
| Key senior high school |
1096 |
21.4% |
94.5% (1036 / 1096) |
120.2 ± 37.7*** |
6.1% (67 / 1096) |
|
| Ordinary senior high school |
1102 |
21.5% |
93.3% (1028 / 1102) |
122.9 ± 40.9*** |
9.4% (104 / 1102)* |
|
| Vocational senior high school |
1015 |
19.8% |
96.0% (974 / 1015)* |
133.1 ± 37.3*** |
14.2% (144 / 1015)*** |
|
|
Adolescent monthly money spending (missing n=9) |
||||||
| < 100 RMB (ref.) |
3028 |
59.1% |
92.6% (2805 / 3028) |
112.2 ± 41.1 |
5.6% (168 / 3028) |
|
| 100~300 RMB |
1373 |
26.8% |
95.7% (1314 / 1373)*** |
128.9 ± 38.0*** |
12.5% (172 / 1373)*** |
|
| ≥300 RMB |
712 |
13.9% |
95.7% (681 / 712)*** |
133.5 ± 38.3*** |
15.3% (109 / 712)*** |
|
|
Residential or commuter students (missing n=4) |
||||||
| Commuter students (ref.) |
4667 |
91.1% |
93.7% (4372 / 4667) |
119.2 ± 41.3 |
8.7% (407 / 4667) |
|
| Residential students |
451 |
8.8% |
96.0% (433 / 451)* |
125.2 ± 35.6** |
9.5% (43 / 451) |
|
|
Academic achievement (missing n=16) |
||||||
| Very good (ref.) |
324 |
6.3% |
92.3% (299 / 324) |
113.1 ± 42.2 |
4.0% (13 / 324) |
|
| Relatively good |
1386 |
27.1% |
94.4% (1308 / 1386) |
112.9 ± 38.3 |
5.6% (78 / 1386) |
|
| General |
2835 |
55.4% |
94.6% (2682 / 2835) |
122.3 ± 39.4*** |
8.9% (253 / 2835)*** |
|
| Relatively &very bad |
561 |
11.0% |
89.7% (503 / 561) |
126.8 ± 50.7*** |
18.9% (106 / 561)*** |
|
|
Main purpose of using internet (missing n=15) |
||||||
| Academic learning (ref.) |
720 |
14.1% |
100% |
109.3 ± 26.8 |
1.4% (10 / 720) |
|
| Only browsing news or emails |
881 |
17.2% |
100% |
117.3 ± 25.7*** |
2.5% (22 / 881) |
|
| Playing games |
1003 |
19.6% |
100% |
140.7 ± 28.6*** |
20.1% (202 / 1003)*** |
|
| Real-time chatting |
667 |
13.0% |
100% |
132.5 ± 24.6*** |
8.1% (54 / 667)*** |
|
| Wandering aimlessly online |
1546 |
30.2% |
100% |
128.9 ± 29.2*** |
10.2% (158 / 1546)*** |
|
|
Place of using internet (missing n=24) |
||||||
| School (ref.) |
314 |
6.1% |
100% |
115.2 ± 29.4 |
4.5% (14 / 314) |
|
| Residences of classmates or relatives |
705 |
13.8% |
100% |
120.7 ± 27.6* |
5.4% (38 / 705) |
|
| Home |
3586 |
70.0% |
100% |
128.5 ± 29.4*** |
10.3% (369 / 3586)** |
|
| Internet bar |
203 |
4.0% |
100% |
137.6 ± 25.9*** |
14.3% (29 / 203)*** |
|
|
Total hours online for a whole week (missing n=16) |
||||||
| <7 hours (ref.) |
2812 |
54.9% |
100% |
117.7 ± 27.7 |
4.1% (114 / 2812) |
|
| 7~14 hours |
970 |
18.9% |
100% |
133.2 ± 26.6*** |
11.8% (114 / 970)*** |
|
| 14~21 hours |
414 |
8.1% |
100% |
140.9 ± 24.1*** |
15.5% (64 / 414)*** |
|
| 21~28 hours |
242 |
4.7% |
100% |
145.8 ± 23.9*** |
22.3% (54 / 242)*** |
|
| >28 hours |
378 |
7.4% |
100% |
151.1 ± 26.9*** |
27.3% (103 / 378)*** |
|
|
Hours online per weekday (missing n=21) |
||||||
| ≤2 hours (ref.) |
3390 |
70.5% |
100% |
121.9 ± 29.1 |
6.9%(235/3390) |
|
| 2~4 hours |
756 |
15.7% |
100% |
134.3 ± 24.8*** |
10.6%(80/756)** |
|
| 4~6 hours |
357 |
7.4% |
100% |
139.5 ± 26.9*** |
17.1%(61/357)*** |
|
| 6~8 hours |
113 |
2.3% |
100% |
143.0 ± 28.0*** |
23.0%(26/113)*** |
|
| ≥8 hours |
195 |
4.0% |
100% |
151.4 ± 26.7*** |
24.2%(47/195)*** |
|
|
Hours online on each Saturday/Sunday (missing n=17) |
||||||
| ≤2 hours (ref.) |
1835 |
35.8% |
100% |
114.5 ± 28.1 |
3.4% (63 / 1835) |
|
| 2~4 hours |
1457 |
28.5% |
100% |
125.6 ± 25.8*** |
6.3% (92 / 1457)*** |
|
| 4~6 hours |
668 |
13.0% |
100% |
136.5 ± 25.2*** |
12.0% (80 / 668)*** |
|
| 6~8 hours |
351 |
6.9% |
100% |
143.8 ± 24.5*** |
20.2% (71 / 351)*** |
|
| ≥8 hours | 504 | 9.8% | 100% | 150.7 ± 27.5*** | 28.4% (143 / 504)*** | |
a total score: total score of DRM-52 scale.
b internet addiction: defined when the total score of DRM-52 scale ≥163.
c %(Ninternet use /N whole): the rates of internet use was calculated as the ratio of the numbers of internet-use adolescents to the numbers of whole adolescent samples in that group.
d %(Ninternet addiction / N whole): the rates of AIA was calculated as the ratio of the numbers of internet-addicted adolescents to the numbers of whole adolescent samples in that group.
ep values for the comparison of total scores were calculated by one-way ANOVA, p values for the comparison of the rates of AIA were calculated by chi-square.
*p-values<0.05; **p-values<0.01; ***p-values<0.001 (compared with reference groups).