Table 3. Distribution of clinical and demographic data of 178 patients comparing the pre-intervention and intervention periods.
| VARIABLES | PRE-INTERVENTION1 | INTERVENTION2 | P VALUE |
| SAMPLE – N | |||
| Patient/Procedure | 74/79 | 104/115 | |
| Catheters-day | 500 | 717 | |
| GENDER – N (%) | |||
| Male/Female | 25 (32.4)/49 (67.6) | 42 (40.4)/62 (59.6) | 0.3716 |
| AGE – YEARS | |||
| Mean/Range | 49/8–83 | 48/9–95 | 0.9390 |
| UNDERLYING DISEASE – N (%) | |||
| Hemorrhagic Stroke | 7 (9.5) | 16 (15.4) | 0.2467 |
| Ischemic Stroke | - | 2 (1.9) | 0.3689 |
| Subaracnoid Hemorrhage | 43 (58.1) | 54 (51.9) | 0.4154 |
| Traumatic Brain Injury | 4 (5.4) | 3 (2.9) | 0.3178 |
| Brain Tumour | 20 (27.0) | 29 (27.9) | 0.8998 |
| SURGICAL PROCEDURES – N (%) | |||
| Clipping Cerebral Aneurysm | 6 (7.6) | 16 (13.9) | 0.1727 |
| External Ventricular Drainage | 39 (49.4) | 59 (51.3) | 0.7914 |
| Hematoma Drainage | 19 (24.1) | 18 (15.7) | 0.1445 |
| Removal of Cerebral Tumour | 15 (19.0) | 22 (19.1) | 0.9801 |
| ASA ** – N (%) | |||
| I | 9 (11.4) | 14 (12.2) | 0.8689 |
| II | 21 (26.6) | 38 (33.0) | 0.3377 |
| III | 32 (40.5) | 41 (35.7) | 0.4940 |
| IV | 13 (16.5) | 17 (14.8) | 0.7521 |
| V | 4 (5.1) | 5 (4.3) | 0.5371 |
| ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS – N (%) | |||
| Yes/No | 67 (84.8)/12 (15.2) | 89 (77.4)/26 (22.6) | 0.2019 |
| ANTIBIOTIC – N (%) | |||
| Cefazolin | 6 (9.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0.0250 |
| Cefepime | 2 (3.0) | - | 0.1828 |
| Cefoxitin | - | 2 (2.2) | 0.3239 |
| Ceftriaxone | 3 (4.5) | 5 (5.6) | 0.5250 |
| Cefuroxime | 52 (77.6) | 77 (86.5) | 0.1468 |
| Meropenem | 3 (4.5) | 2 (2.2) | 0.3678 |
| Vancomycin | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.1) | 0.6760 |
| Piperacillin/Tazobactam | - | 1 (1.1) | 0.5705 |
| SURGICAL TIME – MINUTES | |||
| Mean/Range | 253/30–840 | 293/30–1050 | 0.5920 |
| CATHETERS – DAY | |||
| Mean/Range | 6/<24h – 19 | 6/<24h – 21 | 0.9900 |
| LENGTH OF HOSPITALIZATION – DAYS | |||
| Mean/Range | 32/<24h – 208 | 22/<24h – 72 | 0.1930 |
| MORTALITY*** | |||
| N (%) | 31 (41.8) | 31 (29.8) | 0.0962 |
| MICROORGANISMS N (%) | |||
| GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI | 1 (14.3) | 1 (20.0) | 0.7888 |
| Enterococcus faecalis | - | 1 (20.0) | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 1 (14.3) | - | |
| GRAM-NEGATIVE RODS | 5 (71.4) | 3 (60.0) | 0.1056 |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 1 (14.3) | 2 (40.0) | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | - | 1 (20.0) | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 2 (28.6) | - | |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 1 (14.3) | - | |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 1 (14.3) | - | |
| POLYMICROBIAL | 1 (14.3) | 1 (20.0) | 0.7888 |
| Enterococcus sp + Acinetobacter baumannii | - | 1 (20.0) | |
| Enterobacter cloacae + Klebsiella pneumoniae | 1 (14.3) | - | |
**
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists Score; *** Mortality: untill discharged or death.
Cathegorical variables were analyzed by Chi-square or Fisher's exact test and compare means by Wilcoxon test Variable statistical significant (p<0.05).
1Pre-intervention (16 months) 2Intervention (24 months).