Table 1.

Factors influencing performance of immobilized enzymes (Cao 2006)

Factors	Implications of immobilization
Hydrophobic partition	Enhancement of reaction rate of hydrophobic substrate
Microenvironment of carrier	Hydrophobic nature stabilizes enzyme
Multipoint attachment of carrier	Enhancement of enzyme thermal stability
Spacer or arm of various types of immobilized enzymes	Prevents enzyme deactivation
Diffusion constraints	Enzyme activity decreases and stability increases
Presence of substrates or inhibitors	Higher activity retention
Physical post-treatments	Improvement of enzyme performance
Different binding mode	Activity and stability can be affected
Physical structure of the carrier such as pore size	Activity retention was often pore-size dependent
Physical nature of the carrier	Carriers with large pore size mitigate diffusion limitation, leading to higher activity retention