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Counterfactual Definitions of Direct and Indirect Effects
| Effect | Counterfactual definition |
|---|---|
| Total indirect effect | (Y1M1−Y1M0) |
| Pure direct effect | (Y1M0−Y0M0) |
| Pure indirect effect | (Y0M1−Y0M0) |
| Total direct effect | (Y1M1−Y0M1 |
| Mediated interaction | (Y11−Y10−Y01 + Y00) (M1−M0) |
