Table 4.
Summary of killed whole cell vaccine development against B. pseudomallei.
| References | Bacteria | Strain | Inactivation mode | Immunization | Animal model | Challenge | Percentage survival | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dosage | Duration | Adjuvant/Additives | Route | Strain | Dosage | Route | ||||||
| Healey et al. (2005) | B. pseudomallei | NCTC 4845 | Heat | 5.3 × 104 | Immunization: 4 weeks Booster: Unknown | DC | Intradermal | BALB/c | NCTC 4845 | 5 × 103 | Intranasal | 60% at day 35 |
| 5 × 103 | Monophosphoryl lipid A-trehalose dicorynomycolate | |||||||||||
| Elvin et al. (2006) | B. pseudomallei | K96243 | Heat | 104 | Immunization: 3 weeks Booster: 2 weeks | DC | Intradermal | BALB/c | K96243, NCTC 4845, and 576 | 104 | Intraperitoneal | 20% (K96243), 10% (NCTC 4845), 20% (576) at day 42 |
| DC, CpG 1826 pulse together with immunogen | 90% (K96243), 70% (NCTC 4845), 70% (576) at day 42 | |||||||||||
| DC, CpG 1826 as adjuvant | 70% (K96243), 60% (NCTC 4845), 60% (576) at day 42 | |||||||||||
| Barnes and Ketheesan (2007) | B. pseudomallei | NCTC 13179 | Heat | 290 | Immunization: 10 days First booster: 20 days Second booster: 15 days | None | Subcutaneous | BALB/c | NCTC 13178 | 20 | Intravenous | 0% at day 40 |
| Heat | 90 | 5 μg/4 μL culture filtrate antigens | 66.7% at day 40 | |||||||||
| Sarkar-Tyson et al. (2007) | B. pseudomallei | K96243 | Heat | 108 | Immunization: 2 weeks First booster: 2 weeks Second booster: 5 weeks | None | Intraperitoneal | BALB/c | K9243 | 6.05 × 104 | Intraperitoneal | 40% at day 35 |
| K96243 ΔwbiA::kan | 80% at day 35 | |||||||||||
| K96243 ΔwcbH::kan | 70% at day 35 | |||||||||||
| K96243 ΔBPSS0421:: kan | 50% at day 35 | |||||||||||
| K96243 ΔBPSS1833:: kan | 50% at day 35 | |||||||||||
| Sarkar-Tyson et al. (2009) | B. pseudomallei | 576 | Heat | 107 | Immunization: 2 weeks First booster: 2 weeks Second booster: 5 weeks | None | Intraperitoneal | BALB/c | K96243 | 1.4 × 104 | Intraperitoneal | 50% at day 44 |
| B. pseudomallei | K96243 | 65% at day 44 | ||||||||||
| B. mallei | ATCC 23344 | 70% at day 44 | ||||||||||
| B. thailandensis | E27 | 60% at day 44 | ||||||||||
| Sarkar-Tyson et al. (2009) | B. pseudomallei | 576 | Heat | 107 | Immunization: 2 weeks First booster: 2 weeks Second booster: 5 weeks | None | Intraperitoneal | BALB/c | K96243 | 92 | Aerosol | Not specified (1) |
| B. pseudomallei | K96243 | Not specified (2) | ||||||||||
| B. mallei | ATCC 23344 | Not specified (3) | ||||||||||
| B. thailandensis | E27 | Not specified (4) | ||||||||||
| Henderson et al. (2011) | B. pseudomallei | 1026b | Heat | 105 | Immunization: 10 days Booster: 14 days | None | Intranasal | BALB/c | 1026b | 7500 | Intranasal | 44% at day 40 |
| Cationic liposome complexed with non-coding plasmid DNA | 100% at day 40 | |||||||||||
DC, dendritic cell.
(1) MTTD, 9.75 days; (2) MTTD, 8 days; (3) MTTD, 17.2 days; (4) MTTD = 7.4 days.