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IFN-γ production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) stimulated with heat-killed Lactococcus lactis A17 (A17), Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS), and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). hPBMCs (1 × 105 cells) were cultured with 5 × 107 CFU of heat-killed LAB for 48 hours. Supernatants were collected, and the concentration of IFN-γ was determined by ELISA. Each value represents the mean ± SD.
