Table 1.
Examples of envelope/retroviral pairs.
| Virus | Subtype | Receptor | Structure/function | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpharetroviruses | ||||
|
| ||||
| ALV | A | Tva | Single pass – low-density lipoprotein receptor related | [110] |
|
| ||||
| ALV | B, D, E | Car1 | Single pass – TNF receptor related | [21,111,112] |
|
| ||||
| ALV | C | Tvc | Single pass – butyrophilin related (Ig superfamily) | [113] |
|
| ||||
| Deltaretroviruses | ||||
|
| ||||
| HTLV | 1 | Glut-1† | Multipass – glucose transporter | [25] |
| Gammaretroviruses | ||||
| MLV | Ecotropic | MCAT | Multipass – cationic amino acid transporter | [114–116] |
| Amphotropic 10A1 | SLC20A1; SLC20A2 | Multipass – Na+-dependent phosphate symporter | [117–120] | |
| Amphotropic 4070A | SLC20A2 | Multipass – Na+-dependent phosphate symporter | [121] | |
| Xenotropic | XPR1 | Multipass – G-protein-coupled receptor | [122–125] | |
|
| ||||
| GALV | B | SLC20A1 | Multipass – Na+-dependent phosphate symporter | [126,127] |
|
| ||||
| PERV | A | SLC52A1; SLC52A2 | Multipass – riboflavin transporter | [128–130] |
|
| ||||
| FeLV | A | THTR | Multipass – thiamine transporter | [131] |
| B | SLC20A1 | Multipass – Na+-dependent phosphate symporter | [132] | |
| C | FLVCR | Multipass – heme transporter | [133,134] | |
|
| ||||
| RD114 | SLC1A5 | Multipass – neutral amino acid transporter | [49,135] | |
|
| ||||
| SNV | SLC1A5 | Multipass – neutral amino acid transporter | [49] | |
|
| ||||
| Lentiviruses | ||||
|
| ||||
| HIV | 1 | CXCR4; CCR5† | Multipass – chemokine receptors | [23,24] |
†
HIV and HTLV utilize multiple coreceptors; however, fusion is mediated through the receptors listed in the table.
ALV: Avian leukosis-sarcoma virus; FeLV: Feline leukemia virus; GALV: Gibbon–ape leukemia virus; HTLV: Human T-lymphotropic virus; MLV: Murine leukemia virus; PERV: Porcine endogenous retrovirus; SNV: Spleen necrosis virus.