Table 1.

Cognitive-behavioral coping skills training (CBT) versus 12-step facilitation (TSF)

Outcome or subgroup	Studies	Participants	Statistical method	Effect estimate
1.1 Continuous outcomes			Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1.1 Alcohol abstinence as maximum number of weeks of consecutive alcohol abstinence during treatment	1	41	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.40 [-1.14, 1.94]
1.1.2 Illicit drug abstinence as maximum number of weeks of consecutive abstinence from cocaine during treatment	1	41	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.80 [-0.70, 2.30]
1.2 Dichotomous outcomes			Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.2.1 Alcohol abstinence as number achieving three or more weeks of consecutive alcohol abstinence during treatment	1	41	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.96 [0.43, 8.94]
1.2.2 Illicit drug abstinence as number achieving three or more weeks of consecutive abstinence from cocaine during treatment	1	41	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.10 [0.42, 2.88]
1.2.3 Alcohol abstinence during follow-up year	1	41	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.38 [0.10, 55.06]
1.2.4 Illicit drug abstinence as abstinence from cocaine during follow-up year	1	41	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.39 [0.04, 3.98]