Figure 3.

Diabetes-induced spatial working memory deficit in the MYM test and its reversal by test drugs.A) Schematic drawings of the Y-maze and the experimental procedure. The maze was surrounded by different spatial cues. A) Experimental protocol of the MYM test. The sample trial and test trials were conducted for 5 min at a 30-min interval. (B) Each test was conducted 30 min (THA) or 60 min after daily oral (CTS) or i.p. (THA) administration of test drugs. % Time spent in a novel arm (B) and total locomotion distance during a 5-min observation period were analyzed. Each data column represents the mean ± S.D. (n = 6–9). #P < 0.05 and ###P < 0.001 compared with vehicle-treated m/m group. *P < 0.05 compared with vehicle-treated db/db group (Tukey test).