Table 1.
RAI Use for Low-Risk Thyroid Cancer
| Patients, n, % |
OR (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Treated With RAI | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
| Hospital characteristics | ||||
| Hospital region | ||||
| EN Central | 4519 (16.1) | 1816 (40.2) | 0.75 (0.56–1.00) | 0.75 (0.55–1.01) |
| ES Central | 1688 (6.0) | 597 (35.4) | 0.60 (0.42–0.85) | 0.64 (0.44–0.92) |
| Mid-Atlantic | 4807 (17.1) | 1562 (32.5) | 0.47 (0.35–0.64) | 0.48 (0.35–0.66) |
| Mountain | 1930 (6.9) | 907 (47.0) | 1.13 (0.78–1.63) | 1.02 (0.69–1.51) |
| New England | 1798 (6.4) | 505 (28.1) | 0.39 (0.27–0.55) | 0.36 (0.25–0.53) |
| Pacific | 3345 (11.9) | 1379 (41.2) | 0.84 (0.62–1.14) | 0.75 (0.55–1.03) |
| S Atlantic | 5597 (19.9) | 2106 (37.6) | 0.66 (0.49–0.88) | 0.68 (0.50–0.91) |
| WS Central | 2267 (8.1) | 733 (32.3) | 0.58 (0.42–0.81) | 0.58 (0.41–0.83) |
| WN Central | 2130 (7.6) | 950 (44.6) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Case volume (cases/y) | ||||
| Low (≤11) | 2480 (8.8) | 801 (32.3) | 0.77 (0.63–0.93) | 0.81 (0.66–0.98) |
| Medium (12–34) | 9423 (33.6) | 3679 (39.0) | 1.03 (0.87–1.21) | 1.04 (0.87–1.23) |
| High (≥35) | 16 178 (57.6) | 6075 (37.6) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 23 392 (83.3) | 8703 (37.2) | 0.89 (0.83–0.95) | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) |
| Male | 4689 (16.7) | 1852 (39.5) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Age (y) | ||||
| <20 | 259 (0.9) | 113 (43.6) | 1.84 (1.41–2.41) | 1.06 (0.78–1.43) |
| 20–44 | 9982 (35.5) | 4361 (43.7) | 1.85 (1.72–1.98) | 1.25 (1.14–1.37) |
| 45–59 | 10 841 (38.6) | 3960 (36.5) | 1.34 (1.25–1.43) | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) |
| ≥60 | 6999 (24.9) | 2121 (30.3) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index score | ||||
| 0 | 23 855 (85.0) | 9156 (38.4) | 1.31 (1.22–1.42) | 1.13 (1.04–1.23) |
| ≥1 | 4226 (15.0) | 1399 (33.1) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Black | 1827 (6.5) | 510 (27.9) | 0.61 (0.55–0.69) | 0.66 (0.58–0.75) |
| Other | 3561 (12.7) | 1412 (39.7) | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) |
| White | 22 693 (80.8) | 8633 (38.0) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Insurance | ||||
| Insurance, NOS | 4302 (15.6) | 1661 (38.6) | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) |
| Medicaid/uninsured | 1586 (5.7) | 556 (35.1) | 0.81 (0.72–0.91) | 0.78 (0.69–0.89) |
| Medicare | 4614 (16.7) | 1325 (28.7) | 0.60 (0.55–0.64) | 0.74 (0.67–0.82) |
| Private/government | 17 125 (62.0) | 6898 (40.3) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Rural-urban continuum | ||||
| Metro population | 22 248 (85.9) | 8363 (37.6) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) |
| Other | 3663 (14.1) | 1377 (37.6) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Tumor characteristics | ||||
| Tumor histology | ||||
| Papillary | 27 614 (98.3) | 10 313 (37.3) | 0.51 (0.42–0.62) | 0.47 (0.38–0.58) |
| Follicular/Hurthle cell | 467 (1.7) | 242 (51.8) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Lymph node involvement | ||||
| NX | 195 (0.7) | 86 (44.1) | 0.32 (0.23–0.46) | 0.39 (0.27–0.58) |
| N0 | 25 763 (91.7) | 8949 (34.7) | 0.17 (0.15–0.19) | 0.19 (0.17–0.21) |
| N1 | 2123 (7.6) | 1520 (71.6) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
Abbreviations: EN, East North; ES, East South; NOS, not otherwise specified; S, south; WN, West North; WS, West South.