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. 2013 Jan 4;14(1):701–713. doi: 10.3390/ijms14010701

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© 2013 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Expression patterns of VDAC1 in Arabidopsis. (a) Expression of VDAC1 in various tissues or organs. The transcript level in roots was used as the control, where the VDAC1 mRNA level is given as 1. (b) Expression analysis of VDAC1 under cold treatment. (c) Real-time PCR analyses of VDAC1 expression in wild-type during seed germination under normal conditions (22 °C) or low temperature (4 °C). The expression of VDAC1 was normalized to the expression of UBQ10 in each PCR assay. Means and SD were calculated from three independent experiments.