Table 1.

List of E. coli strains used in this study.

strain	isolate/genotype	time spent in chemostat (days)	reference
1U1	chemostat isolate	21	this study
1U9	chemostat isolate	21	this study
BW3767	chemostat isolate	26	[12]
BW4004	chemostat isolate	26	[12]
BW4034	chemostat isolate	26	this study
BW4040	chemostat isolate	26	[12]
1k13	chemostat isolate	37	this study
1k15	chemostat isolate	37	this study
1k18	chemostat isolate	37	this study
BW2952	MC4100 malG::lplacMu55f(malG::lacZ)	ancestor	[13]
BW3454	BW2952 metC::Tn10	n.a.	[14,15]
BW5316	BW3767 rpoS galS malT 2952	n.a.	this study
BW5326	BW2952 rpoS galS malT 3767	n.a.	this study
DY330	W3110 DlacU169 gal490 lcl857 D(cro-bioA)	n.a.	[16]