Table 2. Associations of demographic and clinical characteristics with measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study GFR subcohort.
| Relationship with Measured GFR | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted for Age, Race and Gender | |||
| PE* (95% CI) | P-value | PE* (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age (per 10 years) | -0.108 (-0.155, -0.060) | <0.001 | -0.108 (-0.155, -0.060) | <0.001 |
| Female (versus male) | -0.028 (-0.146, 0.091) | 0.7 | -0.023 (-0.141, 0.094) | 0.7 |
| Black (versus non-black) | -0.144 (-0.265, -0.023) | 0.02 | -0.143 (-0.263, -0.023) | 0.02 |
| Hispanic (versus non-Hispanic) | -0.332 (-0.527, -0.137) | 0.001 | -0.456 (-0.656, -0.257) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (versus no diabetes) | 0.111 (0.053, 0.169) | <0.001 | -0.331 (-0.448, -0.214) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | -0.055 (-0.115, 0.004) | 0.07 | 0.168 (0.090, 0.246) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | -0.332 (-0.527, -0.137) | <0.001 | -0.05 (-0.113, 0.013) | 0.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | -0.123 (-0.183, -0.064) | <0.001 | -0.107 (-0.167, -0.046) | 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | -0.138 (-0.196, -0.080) | <0.001 | -0.113 (-0.173, -0.054) | <0.001 |
| BIA resistance (ohm) | 0.058 (-0.003, 0.118) | 0.06 | 0.076 (0.007, 0.146) | 0.03 |
| Log (BIA reactance, ohm) | 0.218 (0.157, 0.279) | <0.001 | 0.207 (0.142, 0.271) | <0.001 |
| Log (BIA phase angle, degrees) | 0.205 (0.139, 0.271) | <0.001 | 0.206 (0.133, 0.28) | <0.001 |
| Fat-free mass† (kg) | -0.007 (-0.066, 0.052) | 0.8 | -0.021 (-0.099, 0.057) | 0.6 |
| Impedance† (ohm) | 0.058 (-0.001, 0.117) | 0.06 | 0.076 (0.008, 0.144) | 0.03 |
| Log (serum creatinine‡, mg/dL) | -0.736 (-0.776, -0.697) | <0.001 | -0.9 (-0.936, -0.865) | <0.001 |
| Log (serum cystatin C, mg/L) | -0.837 (-0.869, -0.806) | <0.001 | -0.838 (-0.869, -0.807) | <0.001 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 0.288 (0.230, 0.347) | <0.001 | 0.305 (0.247, 0.363) | <0.001 |
| Serum urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | -0.623 (-0.670, -0.577) | <0.001 | -0.633 (-0.679, -0.587) | <0.001 |
| Log (24-hour urine protein, mg/d) | -0.323 (-0.380, -0.266) | <0.001 | -0.393 (-0.451, -0.335) | <0.001 |
| 24-hour urine creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.207 (0.149, 0.265) | <0.001 | 0.234 (0.174, 0.295) | <0.001 |
| Log (24-hour urine creatinine, g/d) | 0.214 (0.158, 0.271) | <0.001 | 0.246 (0.184, 0.309) | <0.001 |
| 24-hour urine protein:creatinine ratio (mg/g) | -0.298 (-0.359, -0.237) | <0.001 | -0.331 (-0.391, -0.270) | <0.001 |
| Log (24-hour urine albumin, mg/d) | -0.309 (-0.367, -0.251) | <0.001 | -0.371 (-0.430, -0.312) | <0.001 |
| Log (24-hour urine urea nitrogen, g/d) | 0.199 (0.141, 0.258) | <0.001 | 0.195 (0.135, 0.255) | <0.001 |
| Plasma glucose (mg/dL) | -0.056 (-0.116, 0.004) | 0.07 | -0.049 (-0.109, 0.010) | 0.1 |
| Log (total plasma homocysteine, mg/L) | -0.488 (-0.540, -0.436) | <0.001 | -0.499 (-0.552, -0.445) | <0.001 |
| Log (hsCRP, mg/L) | -0.099 (-0.159, -0.040) | 0.001 | -0.082 (-0.142, -0.022) | 0.008 |
| Log (BNP, pg/mL) | -0.312 (-0.369, -0.256) | <0.001 | -0.313 (-0.373, -0.254) | <0.001 |
| Log (fibrinogen, mg/dL) | -0.178 (-0.237, -0.119) | <0.001 | -0.16 (-0.219, -0.101) | <0.001 |
| Log (insulin, μU/mL) | -0.114 (-0.174, -0.055) | <0.001 | -0.104 (-0.164, -0.045) | 0.001 |
| Log (IL-6, pg/mL) | -0.261 (-0.318, -0.204) | <0.001 | -0.24 (-0.299, -0.182) | <0.001 |
| Log (TNF-α, pg/mL) | -0.327 (-0.384, -0.269) | <0.001 | -0.327 (-0.384, -0.270) | <0.001 |
| Log (IL-1ra, pg/mL) | -0.166 (-0.225, -0.107) | <0.001 | -0.174 (-0.233, -0.115) | <0.001 |
| Log (urine NGAL, ng/mL) | -0.361 (-0.418, -0.304) | <0.001 | -0.411 (-0.470, -0.352) | <0.001 |
| Log (creatinine clearance, mL/min) | 0.611 (0.565, 0.657) | <0.001 | 0.608 (0.562, 0.654) | <0.001 |
| Log (HOMA-IR) | -0.114 (-0.173, -0.055) | <0.001 | -0.103 (-0.162, -0.044) | 0.001 |
| Log (SI-HOMA) | 0.103 (0.047, 0.160) | <0.001 | 0.085 (0.027, 0.142) | 0.004 |
BIA – bioelectrical impedance analysis; BMI – body mass index; BNP – brain natriuretic protein; CI – confidence interval; GFR – glomerular filtration rate; HOMA-IR – homeostasis model assessment – insulin resistance; hsCRP – C-reactive protein; IL-1ra – interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; IL-6 – interleukin-6; NGAL – neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; PE – parameter estimate; SI-HOMA – homeostasis model assessment – insulin sensitivity; TNF- α - tumor necrosis factor-α.
*
Parameter estimate represents relative change in measured GFR per one standard deviation increase in predictors unless otherwise specified. Multiplying the parameter estimates by 100 provides approximate percent change;
†
From BIA data;
‡
Traceable to isotope dilution mass spectrometry.