Figure 1.

Number of new human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated cancers overall, and by sex, in the United States, 2009. Source: National Program of Cancer Registries and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results areas reported by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries as meeting high-quality incidence data standards for the specified time period. Note that the number of cancer cases underestimates the actual number of cases occurring because of incomplete coverage of population-based registries in 2009 (93%). HPV-associated cancers are defined as cancers at specific anatomic sites and with specific cellular types in which HPV DNA frequently is found. Some of these cancers may not necessarily be HPV-positive because no testing was conducted. Virtually all cervical cancers are due to HPV infection, along with 90% of anal cancers, more than 60% of certain subsites of oropharyngeal cancers, and approximately 40% of vagina, vulva, and penile cancers.