(a) Example of a recorded amplitude sweep. We stimulated with fstim = 230 Hz, while linearly first increasing and then decreasing astim, thus crossing the 1 : 1 Arnol'd tongue border vertically. The fly's baseline WBF was 235 ± 3 Hz. (i) Relative phase Ψ(tk) between stimulation and wingbeat. (ii) WBF, fstim(dashed, blue), astim(dotted, red). Arrows on top indicate phase slips. (b) Example of a recorded frequency sweep. We stimulated with mean astim = 8.1 m s−2, whereas linearly increasing fstim, thus crossing the 1 : 1 Arnol'd tongue border horizontally. The fly's baseline frequency was 209 ± 4 Hz. (i) Relative phase Ψ(tk) between stimulation and wingbeat. (ii) WBF, fstim(dashed, blue). Arrows indicate quasi-periodic modulation of the WBF.