Table 2.
Summary of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism and diabetic retinopathy risk.
| Comparisons | Number of studies |
OR (95%CI) | Pa | Alleles/genotypes (DR/DWR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4G/4G versus 5G/5G | ||||
| Total | 9 | 1.30 (1.04, 1.64) | 0.27 | 1, 396 (656/740) |
| Source of control | ||||
| Population based | 2 | 1.37 (0.85, 2.20) | 0.15 | 344 (102/242) |
| Hospital based | 7 | 1.28 (0.99, 1.67) | 0.26 | 1, 052 (554/498) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | 5 | 1.33 (1.02, 1.74) | 0.36 | 1, 007 (452/555) |
| Asian | 3 | 1.00 (0.61, 1.65) | 0.27 | 306 (178/128) |
| Average diabetes duration | ||||
| Longer than 10 years | 4 | 1.47 (1.08, 2.00) | 0.33 | 787 (430/357) |
| Shorter than 10 years | 5 | 1.13 (0.80, 1.58) | 0.27 | 609 (226/383) |
| 4G/5G versus 5G/5G | ||||
| Total | 9 | 1.01 (0.74, 1.37) | 0.04 | 1, 970 (874/1, 123) |
| Source of control | ||||
| Population based | 2 | 1.58 (0.42, 5.88) | 0.00b | 469 (139/330) |
| Hospital based | 7 | 0.90 (0.72, 1.11) | 0.39 | 1, 528 (735/793) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | 5 | 0.87 (0.70, 1.08) | 0.55 | 1, 499 (614/885) |
| Asian | 3 | 0.99 (0.61, 1.60) | 0.22 | 358 (204/154) |
| Average diabetes duration | ||||
| Longer than 10 years | 4 | 0.94 (0.73, 1.20) | 0.62 | 1, 118 (554/564) |
| Shorter than 10 years | 5 | 1.03 (0.57, 1.85) | 0.00b | 879 (320/559) |
| 4G/4G versus 5G/5G + 4G/5G | ||||
| Total | 9 | 1.26 (1.05, 1.52) | 0.25 | 2, 676 (1, 217/1, 459) |
| Source of control | ||||
| Population based | 2 | 1.25 (0.86, 1.80) | 0.85 | 661 (201/460) |
| Hospital based | 7 | 1.27 (1.02, 1.57) | 0.12 | 2, 015 (1, 016/999) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | 5 | 1.41 (1.13, 1.77) | 0.29 | 1, 936 (819/1117) |
| Asian | 3 | 0.96 (0.67, 1.37) | 0.37 | 568 (328/240) |
| Average diabetes duration | ||||
| Longer than 10 years | 4 | 1.26 (0.80, 1.98) | 0.03b | 1, 481 (779/702) |
| Shorter than 10 years | 5 | 1.16 (0.89, 1.53) | 0.92 | 1, 195(438/757) |
| 4G/4G + 4G/5G versus 5G/5G | ||||
| Total | 9 | 1.07 (0.82, 1.39) | 0.09b | 2, 679 (1, 217/1, 459) |
| Source of control | ||||
| Population based | 2 | 1.62 (0.52, 5.03) | 0.01b | 661 (201/460) |
| Hospital based | 7 | 0.99 (0.81, 1.22) | 0.46 | 2, 015 (1, 016/999) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | 5 | 0.99 (0.81, 1.21) | 0.62 | 1, 936 (819/1, 117) |
| Asian | 3 | 0.98 (0.62, 1.54) | 0.22 | 568 (328/240) |
| Average diabetes duration | ||||
| Longer than 10 years | 4 | 1.06 (0.84, 1.34) | 0.81 | 1, 481 (779/702) |
| Shorter than 10 years | 5 | 1.08 (0.64, 1.81) | 0.01b | 1, 195 (438/757) |
| 4G versus 5G | ||||
| Total | 9 | 1.13 (1.01, 1.26) | 0.31 | 5, 364 (2, 446/2, 918) |
| Source of control | ||||
| Population based | 2 | 1.23 (0.97, 1.56) | 0.15 | 1, 322 (402/920) |
| Hospital based | 7 | 1.10 (0.97, 1.25) | 0.35 | 4, 042 (2, 044/1, 998) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | 5 | 1.14 (1.00, 1.30) | 0.57 | 3, 884 (1, 650/2, 234) |
| Asian | 3 | 0.97 (0.76, 1.25) | 0.27 | 1, 136 (656/480) |
| Average diabetes duration | ||||
| Longer than 10 years | 4 | 1.14 (0.98, 1.33) | 0.42 | 2, 962 (15, 58/1, 404) |
| Shorter than 10 years | 5 | 1.11 (0.94, 1.32) | 0.16 | 2, 402 (888/1, 514) |
a P-value for heterogeneity; b Estimates for random-effects model. CI: confidence intervals; DR: diabetic retinopathy; DWR: diabetes without retinopathy; OR: odds ratio.