Table 1. Stress Questionnaires Reported by Studies of Parental Stress in Parents of Preterm-Born Children.

Measure	Author	Content	Internal consistencya	Article(s)
Daily Hassles Scale	Kanner [111]	Minor events that occurduring daily living	n.a.	Schraeder [112]; Thompson [36]; Tobey [34]; Treyvaud [113]
Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (Stress Scale only)	Lovibond [114]	General negative affective syndromes	.90	Davis [115]
Life Experiences Survey	Sarason [116]	Negative life stress	.64	Crnic [16]; Crnic [117]
Neonatal Unit Parental Stress Scale	Reid [118]	Parental stress in the NICU	.92	Reid [118]
Nijmegen Parenting Stress Indexc (and Short Version)	De Brock [119]	Parenting stressc	.95	Colpin [120]; Van der Pal [5], [121]
Parental Stressor Scale: Infant Hospitalization	Miles [122]	Parental stress in hospital	.87–.90	Mackley [123]
Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit	Miles [44]	Parental stress in NICU	.89–.94	Carter [23], [51]; Cobiella [15]; Denney [52]; Dudek-Shriber [53]; Foster [6]; Meyer [33]; Miles [56]; Miles [25]; Miles [44]; Seideman [57]; Shields-Poë [58]; Spear [68]; see also Table 3
Parenting Stress Index(and Short Form)	Abidin [40]–[43]	Parenting stress	.95	Als [61]; Badr [45]; Barrera [62]; Bendell [60]; Candelaria [63]; Elgen [64]; Elgen [65]; Erdeve [1]; Farel [54]; Farel [55]; Feldman [66]; Geva [67]; Lee [71]; Miceli [59]; Onufrak [46]; Rimmerman [69]; Saylor [47], [48]; Secco [49]; Tallandini [70]; Zahr [50]; see also Table 2
Perceived Stress Scale	Cohen [124]	Perceived stressfulness of situations	.85	Liu [125]
Questionnaire on Resourcesand Stress	Holroyd [126]	Stress in families of childrenwith disabilities	.96b	Beckman [37]
Rapid Stress Assessment	Tarsitani [127]	Responses to stressfulsituations	n.a.	Trombini [4]
Stress Appraisal Measure	Peacock [128]	Primary and secondaryappraisals of stress	.51–.90	Feldman Reichman [129]; Rowe [130]
Stress/Arousal Checklist	Gotts [131]	Stress adjectives and statesof arousal	n.a.	Lau [30]
Self-Report Questionnaire	Harding [132]	Stress in developing countries	n.a.	Khan [133]
Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaired	Östberg [98]	Parenting stress	.86	Tommiska [20]

^aCronbach’s alpha.

^bKR-20.

^cBased on the Parenting Stress Index [40]–[43].

^dBased on the Parent Domain, questions regarding the behavior and emotions of the parent, of the Parenting Stress Index [40]–[43].