Table 5. Primers and cycling parameters of real time RT-PCR detection of TGF-β1 signaling pathway (Human).

Gene	Genbank Accession	Primer Sequences	Annealing Temperature	Expected Size
TGF′-β1	A23751.1	F:5′-ACACCAACTATTGCTTCAG-3′ R:5′-TGTCCAGGCTCCAAATG-3′	55.7°C	159 bp
TGF-β RI	NM_001130916	F: 5′-AATTCCTCGAGATAGGCCGT-3′ R: 5′-TGCGGTTGTGGCAGATATAG-3′	60.0°C	244 bp
TGF-β RII	NM_003242.5	F: 5′-AACAACATCAACCACAACACAG-3′ R: 5′-CCGTCTTCCGCTCCTCAG-3′	56.2°C	250 bp
Smad2	NM_005901.4	F: 5′-GTCTCTTGATGGTCGTCTC-3′ R: 5′-GGCGGAAGTTCTGTTAGG-3′	53.3°C	249 bp
Smad3	NM_001145104.1	F: 5′-GTGCTCCATCTCCTACTAC-3′ R: 5′-CCTCTTCCGATGTGTCTC-3′	56.5°C	183 bp
Smad4	BC002379.2	F: 5′-CAGGACAGCAGCAGAATG-3′ R: 5′-CAATACTCAGGAGCAGGATG-3′	55.6°C	232 bp
Smad7	NM_001190823.1	F: 5′-TTTGTGTATTTATTTCTTTCTCTC-3′ R: 5′-CACTCTCGTCTTCTCCTC-3′	54.5°C	194 bp
β-actin	NM_002046.3	F: 5′-GCACCGTCAAGGCTGAGAAC-3′ R: 5′-TGGTGAAGACGCCAGTGGA-3′	50.8°C	138 bp