Fig. 1.

Glucose enhanced upregulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPARα)-regulated gene transcription by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in wild-type (WT) mouse hepatocytes. As indicated by the vertical bars from left to right, WT mouse hepatocytes were cultured for 6 h in serum-free medium containing glucose (6, 11, 20, or 30 mM) or (6 mM glucose + 14 mM maltose). Culture medium was supplemented with either fatty acid-free albumin (Alb, 40 μM) or Alb complexed with 200 μM arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as described in materials and methods. The fold change in CPT1A (A), CPT2 (B), and ACOX1 (C) mRNA levels was determined relative to internal control housekeeping gene as described in materials and methods. Values were expressed relative to Alb + 6 mM glucose. Values are means ± SE, n = 3–4. *P < 0.05 vs. Alb alone at the same glucose concentration; #P < 0.05 vs. 6 mM glucose concentration within each treatment group.