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. 2013 Feb 7;3:1214. doi: 10.1038/srep01214

Table 2. Gender-specific number of relational actions and links. Upper panel: Out-weights (actions initiated or messages sent) and in-weights (actions/markings/messages received). For each player we calculate a daily value for the number of actions performed and received and average them. Male values are presented as in Table I. For values with stars the null hypothesis H0 of equal means is rejected. Females mark significantly more friends (H0 rejected at 2 sigmas) and are marked themselves much more as friend (5 sigmas). They send and receive significantly more PMs (3 and 5 sigmas, respectively), and perform and receive significantly more trades (4 and 5 sigmas). Females perform less attacks than males (2 standard deviations). Lower panel: Homophily and heterophily: Over- and under-represenation, as measured by Z-scores (See SI), of directed link types of the six networks at day 856. Each real network is compared to 1,000 surrogate networks where the gender of nodes is randomly reshuffled. The most significant over-represented link types are female-to-female trades and communication (PMs), followed by male-to-female trades and PMs. Female-to-male trades and PMs are over-represented, however not as drastically. Highly under-represented are male-to-male PMs and trades. Negative links show neither substantive over- or under-representation.

  Positive links Negative links
  Friends PMs Trades Enemies Attacks Bounties
Action weights
Initiated M 0.026 0.60 0.100 0.029 0.20 0.009
Initiated F 0.028* 0.74** 0.124*** 0.027 0.16* 0.009
Received M 0.022 0.45 0.066 0.036 0.116 0.0084
Received F 0.027**** 0.61**** 0.086**** 0.032 0.109 0.0074
Homophily
FF 0.6 3.9 4.2 0.6 −0.4 −0.6
MM 0.4 −2.3 −2.4 −0.6 1.0 −0.2
FM −0.4 1.6 1.4 −0.3 −1.7 0.4
MF −0.7 2.7 2.7 0.7 0.7 −0.2

*p-value < 0.05, ** p-value < 0.01, *** p-value < 0.001, **** p-value < 0.0001