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Synthesis of three-unit spacers. (a) from 4: TBAF, THF, 62%; from 6 and 14: K2CO3, MeOH/CH2Cl2, 45 min, 85–88%; (b) from 11: Pd(PPh3)4, CuI, PPh3, TEA, toluene, 50 °C, 14 h, 50%; from 12: PdCl2(PPh3)2, CuI, TEA, THF, microwave, 60 °C, 20 min, 75%.
