Table 2. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between ESR, ALP, anaemia, and survival outcomes.
| No. of death | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Variable |
Low/high |
Low |
High |
Low |
High |
Low |
High |
|
High ESRd | |||||||
| Overall survival | 60/86 | 1.00 (Ref) | 3.46 (2.37–5.04) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.85 (1.21–2.83) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.44 (0.90–2.31) |
| Cancer-specific survival | 41/78 | 1.00 (Ref) | 4.86 (3.12–7.56) | 1.00 (Ref) | 2.41 (1.46–3.98) | 1.00 (Ref) | 2.10 (1.21–3.67) |
| Other-cause survival |
19/8 |
1.00 (Ref) |
0.88 (0.35–2.23) |
1.00 (Ref) |
0.75 (0.26–2.17) |
1.00 (Ref) |
0.53 (0.16–1.73) |
|
High ALPd | |||||||
| Overall survival | 135/30 | 1.00 (Ref) | 3.92 (2.43–6.30) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.71 (0.99–2.92) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.18 (0.64–2.18) |
| Cancer-specific survival | 107/28 | 1.00 (Ref) | 4.39 (2.64–7.30) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.63 (0.91–2.95) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.04 (0.53–2.01) |
| Other-cause survival |
28/2 |
1.00 (Ref) |
1.76 (0.38–8.06) |
1.00 (Ref) |
1.59 (0.29–8.62) |
1.00 (Ref) |
1.39 (0.21–9.07) |
| |
High/low |
High |
Low |
High |
Low |
High |
Low |
|
Anaemia (Hb)e | |||||||
| Overall survival | 73/92 | 1.00 (Ref) | 4.13 (2.88–5.94) | 1.00 (Ref) | 2.32 (1.53–3.51) | 1.00 (Ref) | 2.01 (1.22–3.29) |
| Cancer-specific survival | 56/79 | 1.00 (Ref) | 4.33 (2.89–6.48) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.98 (1.23–3.21) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.44 (0.80–2.61) |
| Other-cause survival |
17/13 |
1.00 (Ref) |
3.44 (1.52–7.77) |
1.00 (Ref) |
3.07 (1.28–7.38) |
1.00 (Ref) |
3.11 (1.17–8.25) |
|
Anaemia (Hct)e | |||||||
| Overall survival | 67/98 | 1.00 (Ref) | 3.45 (2.42–4.91) | 1.00 (Ref) | 2.31 (1.55–3.45) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.90 (1.18–3.05) |
| Cancer-specific survival | 56/79 | 1.00 (Ref) | 3.11 (2.11–4.60) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.67 (1.05–2.66) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.56–1.80) |
| Other-cause survival | 11/19 | 1.00 (Ref) | 5.43 (2.30–12.80) | 1.00 (Ref) | 5.21 (2.16–12.57) | 1.00 (Ref) | 6.20 (2.30–16.72) |
Abbreviations: BMI=body mass index; ESR=erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ALP=alkaline phosphatase; Hct=haematocrit; Hb=haemoglobin; Ref=reference.
The model was stratified by age in years at diagnosis and sex.
The model was stratified by age in years at diagnosis and sex, and adjusted for BMI (continuous), smoking (never or ever), weight loss (yes or no), symptom presence (yes or no), tumour stage (pT1, pT2, or pT3-4), tumour size (< 5 or ⩾5 cm), ASA class (< 2 or⩾2), nephrectomy, type (radical or partial), and Fuhrman grade (low or high).
For ESR, the Model 3 was adjusted for levels of ALP and Hb in addition to covariates listed in the Model 2; For ALP, the Model 3 was adjusted for levels of ESR and Hb in addition to covariates listed in the Model 2; For Hb, the Model 3 was adjusted for levels of ESR and ALP in addition to covariates listed in the Model 2; For Hct, the Model 3 was adjusted for ESR and ALP in addition to covariates listed in the Model 2.
The following cutoff points were chosen to identify high levels (abnormal laboratory values): ESR >22 mm per hour for males, >29 mm per hour for females; ALP >115 U l−1 for both males and females.
The following cutoff points were chosen to identify low levels (abnormal laboratory values): Hb <13.5 g dl−1 for males,<12 g dl−1 for females; Hct <41% for males, <36% for females.