Table 1.
Correlations between the severity of the three core features of the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the severity of symptoms or characteristics of eating disorders (N=32)
| |
|
|
|
r(p) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eating disorder symptom/characteristic | na | M(SD) | Md | ADHD-SR: attention deficit scale | ADHD-SR: hyperactivity scale | ADHD-SR: impulsivity scale | BIS-11: sum score |
| Age (years)b |
32 |
23.1 (5.6) |
|
−0.152 (0.406) |
−0.230 (0.205) |
−0.035 (0.847) |
−0.118 (0.519) |
| Age at onset (years)b |
32 |
17.1 (4.0) |
|
−0.011 (0.952) |
−0.004 (0.984) |
0.133 (0.467) |
0.312 (0.082) |
| Current BMI (kg/m2)b |
32 |
17.1 (3.8) |
|
0.119 (0.515) |
−0.185 (0.311) |
0.107 (0.561) |
0.395 (0.025) |
| Lowest BMI (kg/m2)b |
32 |
14.8 (3.0) |
|
0.109 (0.551) |
−0.170 (0.353) |
0.079 (0.667) |
0.531 (0.002) |
| Highest BMI (kg/m2)b |
32 |
22.2 (3.7) |
|
0.248 (0.171) |
−0.075 (0.684) |
0.265 (0.143) |
0.352 (0.048) |
| Weight phobiac |
32 |
|
2.0 |
0.202 (0.267) |
0.168 (0.357) |
0.323 (0.071) |
0.302 (0.093) |
| Dependence of self-esteem on body shapec |
32 |
|
2.0 |
0.367 (0.039) |
0.070 (0.705) |
0.279 (0.122) |
0.062 (0.738) |
| Body-image disturbancesc |
32 |
|
3.0 |
0.344 (0.054) |
0.332 (0.063) |
0.064 (0.728) |
0.370 (0.037) |
| Denial of seriousness of low body weightc |
23 |
|
2.0 |
0.393 (0.063) |
0.209 (0.339) |
0.052 (0.813) |
0.081 (0.712) |
| Periods (last 3 months)c |
29 |
|
2.0 |
−0.028 (0.885) |
−0.065 (0.739) |
−0.160 (0.406) |
−0.435 (0.018) |
| Severity of binge eating episodesc |
32 |
|
2.0 |
−0.050 (0.787) |
−0.249 (0.169) |
0.171 (0.350) |
0.218 (0.231) |
| Sense of lack of controlc |
18 |
|
2.0 |
0.137 (0.588) |
0.300 (0.227) |
0.512 (0.030) |
0.430 (0.075) |
| Self-induced vomitingc |
32 |
|
1.0 |
−0.159 (0.385) |
−0.203 (0.265) |
0.232 (0.202) |
0.252 (0.163) |
| Laxative abusec |
32 |
|
0.0 |
0.269 (0.136) |
0.107 (0.558) |
0.143 (0.434) |
0.504 (0.003) |
| Diureticsc |
32 |
|
0.0 |
--- d |
--- d |
--- d |
--- d |
| Appetite suppressantsc |
32 |
|
0.0 |
--- d |
--- d |
--- d |
--- d |
| Medication to increase thyroid metabolismc |
32 |
|
0.0 |
--- d |
--- d |
--- d |
--- d |
| Neglect of insulin treatmentc |
32 |
|
0.0 |
--- d |
--- d |
--- d |
--- d |
| Excessive fastingc |
32 |
|
0.0 |
0.177 (0.334) |
0.176 (0.335) |
−0.093 (0.614) |
0.415 (0.018) |
| Excessive exercisec |
32 |
|
1.0 |
0.119 (0.518) |
0.137 (0.455) |
0.003 (0.988) |
0.220 (0.225) |
| Enemasc |
32 |
|
0.0 |
--- d |
--- d |
--- d |
--- d |
| Use of vomitivesc |
32 |
|
0.0 |
--- d |
--- d |
--- d |
--- d |
| Frequency of binge eating episodesc |
32 |
|
1.0 |
−0.037 (0.839) |
−0.184 (0.314) |
0.220 (0.225) |
0.213 (0.243) |
| Frequency of inappropriate compensatory behaviorsc |
32 |
|
1.0 |
−0.020 (0.914) |
−0.168 (0.357) |
0.108 (0.556) |
0.214 (0.240) |
| Dieting or fastingc |
32 |
|
2.0 |
0.394 (0.026) |
0.329 (0.066) |
0.312 (0.082) |
0.226 (0.214) |
| Avoidance of fattening foodc |
32 |
|
2.0 |
0.244 (0.177) |
0.301 (0.094) |
0.583 (0.000) |
0.390 (0.028) |
| Limits for caloric intakec |
32 |
|
0.5 |
0.273 (0.131) |
0.377 (0.034) |
0.439 (0.012) |
0.259 (0.152) |
| Preoccupation with body slimnessc |
32 |
|
2.5 |
0.447 (0.010) |
0.271 (0.134) |
0.311 (0.083) |
0.411 (0.020) |
| M (SD) | 7.3 (4.3) | 6.3 (3.2) | 3.0 (3.1) | 62.7 (10.3) | |||
BMI=Body Mass Index, ADHD-SR=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder–Self-Report, BIS-11=Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Version 11.
Bonferroni corrected alpha=0.05/88=0.00057. Values in boldface are significant correlations when applying Bonferroni correction.
aSome items were not applicable for all patients in the sample. For example, the item “Denial of seriousness of low body weight” was not applicable for 9 patients who were not underweight.
bPearson’s product–moment correlation.
cSpearman’s rank correlation. The items of the Structured Interview for Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa–Expert Rating (SIAB–EX) were rated on a rank-ordered scale ranging from 0=no to 4=very severe/strong/frequent.
dSymptom or characteristic was reported by none or only one patient. No correlations were calculated.