Figure 3. Manuka honey induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.

B16.F1 cells were treated for 24 hrs (left column), 48 hrs (center column) or 72 hrs (right column) with varying concentrations of manuka (M; range 0.3%–5.0%), taxol (10 ng/ml) or medium as control. At the end of the incubation period, cells were harvested and stained with Annexin V and PI, and analyzed by flowcytometry. The percentages of cells in early (Annexin V⁺, PI⁻; lower right quadrant) and late apoptotic-necrotic stages (Annexin V⁺, PI⁺; upper right quadrant) are shown. The results are representative of three independent experiments.