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. 2013 Feb 7;8(2):e54965. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054965

Table 2. Fold changes and P value of endogenous metabolites detected by GC/TOF-MS.

Metabolites Retentionindex Biologicalrole 12 weeksaftersurgery 24 weeks after surgery
Foldchange P Fold change P
Cholesterol 3178.2 a sterol and a lipid found in the cell membranes 2.02 0.047 1.53 0.006
Octadecadienoic acid 2216.4 an unsaturated n-6 fatty acid and essential fatty acid 1.19 0.533 1.85 0.005
Arachidonic acid 2375.2 a polyunsaturated, essential fatty acid and precursor ofprostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes 2.25 0.005 3.29 0.002
Oleic acid 2215.3 An unsaturated fatty acid 1.09 0.793 1.72 0.013
9-(Z)-Hexadecenoic Acid 2029.7 an unsaturated fatty acid, a common constituentof the glycerides of adipose tissue 1.29 0.031 1.36 0.009
Hexadecanoic Acid 2049.2 a saturated fatty acid −1.16 0.401 1.54 0.010
Octadecanoic Acid 2245.6 a saturated fatty acid −1.10 0.340 1.18 0.047
Docosahexaenoic Acid 2566.9 an omega-3 fatty acid and associated with the heart disease −1.22 0.350 −1.54 0.001
Glycerol 1282.4 an important component of triglycerides and of phospholipids, energy metabolism 1.18 0.362 1.43 0.013
Isoleucine 1305.8 Essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid associated with energy metabolismand blood sugar regulation 1.24 0.012 1.78 0.018
Valine 1230.8 1.37 0.042 2.14 0.010
Leucine 1285.2 1.43 0.035 1.62 0.004
homocysteine 1437.9 sulfur-containing amino acid, associated with cardiovasculardisease, Alzheimer’s disease and fracture 1.53 0.042 1.98 0.044
L-Hydroxyproline 1522.4 a common non-proteinogenic amino acid and Paget’s disease 2.20 0.006 2.43 0.005
Tryptophan 2244.0 an essential amino acid which is the precursor of serotonin 1.03 0.780 −1.44 0.001
Glutamine 1608.8 energy metabolism, nitrogen balances 1.01 0.969 −1.24 0.022
Cystine 1433.9 immune function and the synthesis of glutathione 1.61 0.030 1.44 0.226
Glycine 1438.4 a simple, nonessential amino acid 1.27 0.039 1.15 0.837
Alanine 1107.5 An important participant and regulator in glucose metabolism −2.79 0.005 −2.77 0.017
Succinic Acid 1323.2 citric acid cycle, Glucose metabolism −2.47 0.022 −1.14 0.814
Citric Acid 1844.1 −1.30 0.043 −1.21 0.071
Malic Acid 1502.8 −2.50 0.042 −1.26 0.797
Glucose 1935.6 a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms 1.15 0.010 1.06 0.318
L-Lysine 1720.8 an essential amino acid −1.89 0.011 −1.76 0.002
Ethanedioic Acid 1144.9 glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid metabolism 1.79 0.004 1.25 0.302
2-Hydroxy-Butanoic Acid 1137.3 an organic acid that is involved in propanoate metabolism −6.88 0.012 −2.26 0.007
Dodecanoic Acid 1656.1 a component of triglycerides −1.54 0.023 1.24 0.026
2-Aminobutyric Acid 1185.5 a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ophthalmic acid or ophthalmate. −3.16 0.012 −3.67 0.003
3-Hydroxybutyric- Acid 1172.8 ketone body −1.24 0.425 1.43 0.010
Glycerol-3-Phosphate 1787.1 a chemical intermediate in the glycolysis metabolic pathway 1.10 0.320 1.38 0.044