Activity levels and sleep. (a) Measure of locomotion activity (pixels per minute, see Materials and methods) in male flies that had increased DA activity during the fourth quarter of development (black histograms), compared with treated genetic controls (white and grey, as indicated). **P<0.01, by t-test comparison of means. (b) The average number of periods of inactivity >5 min (±s.e.m) over a 24-h period, for male flies that had increased DA activity during the fourth quarter of development (black histograms), compared with treated genetic controls (white and grey, as indicated). (c) The average duration of quiescent periods (min±s.e.m) over 24 h for the same flies. ***P<0.001; **P<0.01; *P<0.05, by t-test comparison of means. N=32 flies per genotype.