Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Drug Use Characteristics by Opioid Type
| Heroin User (n = 426) | PO only user (n = 90) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (% male) | 292 (69) | 54 (60) | .117 |
| Mean age, yrs (SD) | 36.3 (10.4) | 34.2 (10.6) | .088 |
| Years of education, mean (SD) | 12.8 (2.1) | 12.8 (2.3) | .959 |
| Student or employed (Full or part time), n (%) | 231 (54) | 67 (74) | < .01 |
| Race, n (%) | .005 | ||
| White | 309 (73) | 84 (93) | |
| Black or African-American | 56 (13) | 4 (4) | |
| Hispanic | 47 (11) | 1 (1) | |
| Other | 14 (3) | 1 (1) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | .325 | ||
| Married | 96 (23) | 29 (32) | |
| Widowed | 7 (2) | 2 (2) | |
| Separated | 26 (6) | 3 (3) | |
| Divorced | 73 (17) | 14 (16) | |
| Never Married | 224 (53) | 42 (47) | |
| Buprenorphine stabilization dose, n (%) | .002 | ||
| 8mg | 32 (8) | 16 (18) | |
| 16mg | 112 (26) | 29 (32) | |
| 24mg | 282 (66) | 45 (50) | |
| Withdrawal Measures at baseline, mean (SD) | |||
| VAS Craving | 69.7 (23.8) | 69.1 (26.8) | .806 |
| VAS Withdrawal | 57.1 (24.8) | 27.1 (24.8) | .115 |
| ARSW | 62.2 (32.4) | 61.73 (21.1) | .889 |
| COWS | 8.5 (4.0) | 8.3 (4.0) | .687 |
| Taking a prescribed med for physical problem, n (%) | 59 (14) | 30 (33) | <.001 |
| Receiving a physical disability pension, n (%) | 14 (3) | 5 (6) | .299 |
| Troubled by any medical problems, n (%) | 118 (28) | 38 (43) | .005 |
| ASI Psychiatric Composite Score mean (SD) | .17(.20) | .23 (.22) | .023 |
| Past 30 day opioid use (mean no. of days) | |||
| Heroin | 27.7 (5.4) | 0.0 (0.0) | <.01 |
| Other opioids | 2.1 (5.6) | 27.7 (5.4) | <.01 |
| Years (SD) of lifetime use (ASI) | |||
| Heroin | 7.6 (8.3) | 0.5 (1.7) | <.001 |
| Other opioids | 1.6 (3.5) | 4.1 (3.5) | <.001 |
| Prescribed Methadone | 1.1 (2.3) | 0.2 (0.7) | <.001 |
| Illicit Methadone | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.3 (1.4) | .059 |
| Alcohol | 6.9 (8.9) | 5.0 (7.1) | .033 |
| Alcohol to intoxication | 4.1 (6.5) | 3.5 (5.7) | .395 |
| Cocaine | 3.6 (5.7) | 1.5 (3.4) | < .01 |
| Amphetamines/methamphetamines | 0.8 (2.9) | 0.7 (2.3) | .711 |
| Nicotine | 14.9 (11.2) | 12.2 (10.3) | .035 |
| Sedatives/Hypnotics | 0.6 (2.1) | 0.6 (1.6) | .892 |
| Cannabis | 7.3 (8.5) | 5.2 (6.3) | .007 |