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Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
a First generation of lumbar ESP® (2004): endplates without lordosis. b Second generation of lumbar ESP® (2005): The shape of the endplates provides lordosis. c Last generation of lumbar ESP® (2006): anterior recess in the PCU annulus to reduce stiffness during compression