FIGURE 2.

Opposing intracellular effects of super low dose and high dose LPS. Western blots of whole cell extracts from WT BMDM treated with super low dose LPS (5 pg/ml) or high dose LPS (10 ng/ml) for indicated time with antibodies against ATF2 and IκBα (A), IRAK-1 and IRAK-M (B), and phosphorylated Akt (C). The blots were probed with Abs specific for GAPDH or unphosphorylated Akt protein as loading controls. Figures were representative of three independent experiments. The resting levels of IRAK-1, IRAK-M, or p-Akt were set as 1, and its relative modulation after LPS treatment were compared and plotted (n = 3). *, p < 0.05 as compared with untreated controls.