Table 1 . Genotype probabilities for the dam of the cow under consideration.

Genotype GS	$P{(A)}_{\text{GS}}$	$P{(AA)}_{\text{D}}$	$P{(AB)}_{\text{D}}$	$P{(BB)}_{\text{D}}$
AA	1	p	q	0
AB	$\frac{1}{2}$	$\frac{p}{2}$	$\frac{1}{2}$	$\frac{q}{2}$
BB	0	0	p	q

The probabilities were calculated from the allele frequencies $f(A)=p$ and $f(B)=q$ and the probability of the grandsire (GS) to transmit allele A, $P{(A)}_{\text{GS}}$.