Table 1 . Theoretical expectations and simulation results for each model with the long age structure.
| Monogamy model | Ne-mt | Ne-x | Ne-a | Ne-y | Ne-mt/Ne-a | Ne-x/Ne-a | Ne-y/Ne-a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theoretical expectation | 182.0 | 545.9 | 727.9 | 182.0 | 0.250 | 0.750 | 0.250 |
| Seasonal monogamy | 194.9 (155.5 – 234.4) | 580.6 (515.4 – 646.2) | 689.9 (618.2 – 762.1) | 164.3 (130.0 – 198.7) | 0.282 (0.216 – 0.353) | 0.842 (0.729 – 0.972) | 0.238 (0.183 – 0.292) |
| Monogamy for life | 154.2 (121.3 – 187.2) | 596.1 (527.7 – 664.8) | 710.0 (636.1 – 784.3) | 170.1 (134.6 – 205.7) | 0.217 (0.164 – 0.272) | 0.840 (0.716 – 0.974) | 0.240 (0.187 – 0.295) |
| Harem model | |||||||
| Theoretical expectation | 182.0 | 532.3 | 700.9 | 169.0 | 0.260 | 0.759 | 0.241 |
| Seasonal harem | 157.1 (119.7 – 194.63) | 498.8 (426.2 – 571.8) | 710.9 (627.2 – 795.2) | 139.1 (104.8 – 173.5) | 0.221 (0.171 – 0.280) | 0.702 (0.600 – 0.818) | 0.196 (0.148 – 0.244) |
| Harem for life | 207.3 (163.9 – 250.8) | 202.2 (159.0 – 245.5)1,3 | 192.4 (150.0 – 234.9)1,3 | 39.3 (18.0 – 60.6)1,3 | 1.077 (0.815 – 1.424)2 | 1.051 (0.790 – 1.380)2 | 0.204 (0.107 – 0.318) |
| Storage models | |||||||
| Theoretical expectation | 182.0 | 530.7 | 697.8 | 167.5 | 0.261 | 0.761 | 0.240 |
| No storage | 173.5 (137.7 – 209.5) | 494.3 (432.9 – 556.0) | 634.9 (566.7 – 703.6) | 211.2 (170.9 – 251.6)1 | 0.273 (0.210 – 0.342) | 0.7786 (0.653 – 0.922) | 0.333 (0.264 – 0.415)2 |
| Half storage | 212.2 (170.0 – 261.9) | 533.9 (472.0 – 618.4) | 675.1 (625.4 – 797.7) | 198.5 (139.7 – 223.6) | 0.314 (0.230 – 0.385) | 0.791 (0.645 – 0.936) | 0.294 (0.193 – 0.322) |
| All storage | 197.1 (152.9 – 241.4) | 516.2 (442.2 – 590.7) | 679.9 (592.7 – 767.7) | 111.5 (81.2 – 141.9)1,3 | 0.290 (0.227 – 0.359) | 0.759 (0.648 – 0.892) | 0.164 (0.121 – 0.210)2 |
Ne-mt, Ne-x, Ne-a, and Ne-y refer to Ne of mitochondrial DNA, X chromosome DNA, autosomal DNA, and Y chromosome DNA, respectively. Superscripted numbers reflect significance of tests 1, 2, and 3 (see text) respectively. Confidence intervals (95%) for Ne and ratios are indicated in parentheses. Theoretical expectations are available only for the models with independent mate pairing among breeding seasons (the seasonal monogamy, seasonal harem, and no-storage models).