Table 2 . Theoretical expectations and simulation results for each model with the short age structure.
| Monogamy model | Ne-mt | Ne-x | Ne-a | Ne-y | Ne-mt/Ne-a | Ne-x/Ne-a | Ne-y/Ne-a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theoretical expectation | 291.2 | 873.5 | 1164.6 | 291.2 | 0.250 | 0.750 | 0.250 |
| Seasonal monogamy | 278.1 (214.5 – 341.8) | 944.1 (827.8 – 1061.1) | 1156.1 (1027.4 – 1285.5) | 367.8 (292.5 – 443.4)1 | 0.241 (0.179 – 0.306) | 0.817 (0.688 – 0.954) | 0.318 (0.247 – 0.398) |
| Monogamy for life | 253.9 (193.3 – 314.7) | 887.5 (776.0 – 1000.0) | 1209 (1076.7 – 1343.6) | 347.9 (278.7 – 417.2) | 0.189 (0.107 – 0.364) | 0.661 (0.399 – 0.880) | 0.288 (0.137 – 0.397) |
| Harem model | |||||||
| Theoretical expectation | 291.2 | 423.9 | 449.5 | 69.6 | 0.648 | 0.943 | 0.155 |
| Seasonal harem | 308.3 (245.2 – 371.5) | 366.2 (296.5 – 436.2) | 471.1 (389.2 – 553.3) | 90.0 (53.2 – 126.0) | 0.654 (0.496 – 0.839) | 0.777 (0.601 – 1.001) | 0.191 (0.114 – 0.280) |
| Harem for life | 278.3 (216.0 – 340.7) | 215.8 (162.7 – 269.1)1,3 | 317.1 (248.2 – 386.2)1,3 | 9.4 (1.7 – 17.1)1,3 | 0.878 (0.636 – 1.200) | 0.681 (0.488 – 0.915) | 0.030 (0.008 – 0.055)2 |
| Storage models | |||||||
| Theoretical expectation | 291.2 | 796.2 | 1016.6 | 225.5 | 0.286 | 0.783 | 0.222 |
| No storage | 251.5 (194.6 – 308.5) | 881.8 (769.9 – 994.3) | 1145.0 (1017.8 – 1272.9)1 | 316.3 (247.9 – 385.0)1 | 0.220 (0.167 – 0.283)2 | 0.770 (0.644 – 0.921) | 0.276 (0.210 –0.345) |
| Half storage | 301.3 (235.2 – 367.5) | 858.7 (748.8 – 969.1) | 1073.4 (950.3 – 1197.3) | 229.5 (173.5 – 285.7) | 0.281 (0.219 – 0.350) | 0.800 (0.678 – 0.944) | 0.214 (0.155 – 0.274) |
| All storage | 285.2 (222.9 – 347.7) | 694.0 (593.8 – 794.6)1,3,a | 922.4 (809.8 – 1035.7)3 | 161.0 (114.0 – 208.1)1,3 | 0.309 (0.233 – 0.387) | 0.752 (0.623 – 0.909) | 0.175 (0.120 – 0.231) |
Ne-mt, Ne-x, Ne-a, and Ne-y refer to Ne of mitochondrial DNA, X chromosome DNA, autosomal DNA, and Y chromosome DNA respectively. Superscripted numbers reflect significance of tests 1, 2, and 3 (see text), respectively. Confidence intervals (95%) for Ne and ratios are indicated in parentheses. Theoretical expectations are available only for the models with independent mate pairing among breeding seasons (the seasonal monogamy, seasonal harem, and no-storage models).
a
Test 1 was significant when the observed standard error was used but not when the theoretical standard error was used.