Table 1.
Summary of ROS, CaMKII, PKA, PKC and ROS-Mediated Effects on Important Targets in the Cardiomyocyte
| Target effect | ROS | CaMKII | ox-CaMKII | PKA | ox-PKA | PKC | Reference Nos. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTCC ICa | ↓,↑[Ref. 121] | 45,50,51,64,83,121 | |||||
| ↑ | 19,41,54,66,78 | ||||||
| ↑ | 121 | ||||||
| ↑ | 28 | ||||||
| ↑ | 151 | ||||||
| SERCA2a Activity |
↓ | 79,96,115,146 | |||||
| ↑ | 88 | ||||||
| ↑ | 88 | ||||||
| ↓ | 23 | ||||||
| PLB Phosphorylation |
↑ | 88 | |||||
| ↑ | 88 | ||||||
| ↑ | 24 | ||||||
| ↓via PP1-I1 | 23 | ||||||
| RyR2 SR Ca release SR Ca leak |
↑ ↓in low ROS |
1,6,21,45,84,147,155,154 | |||||
| ↑ | 88 | ||||||
| ↑ | 88 | ||||||
| Nav1.5 peak INa late INa | Avail↓, IM↑, late↑ | 15,48,120 | |||||
| Avail↓, IM↑, late↑ | late↑[136] | 68,135,136,10 | |||||
| peak↑ | 56,47 | ||||||
| peak↓[85,107] | 85,107 | ||||||
| Troponin I Phosphorylation |
↑ | 24 | |||||
| ↑ | 102 | ||||||
| ↑ | 102, 138 | ||||||
| Na-K ATPase Na-K pump current |
↓ | 76,80,118,145 | |||||
| ↑via PLM | 37 | ||||||
| ↑via PLM | 37 | ||||||
| NCX INCX | ↑ | 52,75,110,114 | |||||
| ↔[61],↑[72] | 61,72 | ||||||
| ↔[61],↑[72] | 61,72 | ||||||
| Other Targets | MMP-9 expression↑ | 58 | |||||
| Sinus nodal cell death↑ | 124 |
Avail↓, reduced INa availability, enhanced steady-state inactivation; IM, intermediate inactivation; LTCC, L-type Ca channel; NaV1.5, pore-forming subunit of the Na channel encoded by the SCN5A gene; NCX, Na/Ca exchanger; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; PLB, phospholamban; PLM, phospholemman; PP1-I1, phosphatase-1 inhibitor-1; RyR2, ryanodine receptor 2.