Table 1.
Demographic and vascular risk factors overall and in relation to mean plaque density.
| Variable | All N=1327 | No plaque N=575 | Echolucent Plaque (GSM 17.0–80.7) N=250 | Intermediate Density Plaque (GSM 81.0–103.3) N=249 | Echodense Plaque (GSM 103.5–180.0) N=250 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Age, mean (SD)* | 66 (9) | 63(8) | 66(8) | 69(9) | 68(8) |
|
| |||||
| sex, % | |||||
| Male | 41 | 37 | 51 | 39 | 39 |
| Female | 59 | 63 | 45 | 61 | 61 |
|
| |||||
| Race/ethnicity, %* | |||||
| Black | 19 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 20 |
| White | 17 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 23 |
| Hispanic | 62 | 68 | 59 | 56 | 57 |
|
| |||||
| Diabetes, %* | 20 | 15 | 22 | 22 | 24 |
|
| |||||
| Hypertension, %* | 71 | 67 | 72 | 75 | 78 |
|
| |||||
| HDL, mean (SD) | 46 (14) | 46 (14) | 45 (14) | 46(14) | 47(15) |
|
| |||||
| LDL, mean (SD) | 129 (34) | 127 (33) | 132 (35) | 131(35) | 127(36) |
|
| |||||
| BMI, mean (SD)* | 28 (5) | 29 (5) | 28 (5) | 28(5) | 28(5) |
|
| |||||
| Smoking, %* | |||||
| Never | 48 | 56 | 43 | 44 | 40 |
| Former | 37 | 31 | 35 | 44 | 44 |
| Current | 15 | 13 | 22 | 12 | 17 |
|
| |||||
| Moderate alcohol use†, % | 38 | 36 | 43 | 39 | 38 |
|
| |||||
| Renal insufficiency†, % | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
|
| |||||
| B12 Deficiency†, % | 13 | 10 | 15 | 17 | 15 |
*
P<0.05 across categories of plaque density
†
Moderate alcohol: current drinking of >1 drink per month and ≤2 drinks per day, Renal insufficiency: serum creatinine>1.5 mg/dL, B12 deficiency: methylmalonic acid>271 nmol/L