Table 2.

Adjusted^* Odds ratio (95% CI) for homocysteine and plaque echodensity and area

Outcome	Homocysteine£
Plaque echodensity	Quartile 1 (3.0–7.0 μmol/L)	Quartile 2 (7.1–8.5 μmol/L)	Quartile 3 (8.6–10.4 μmol/L)	Quartile 4 (10.5–86.3 μmol/L)	Continuous
Echolucent Plaque vs. no plaque	Ref	0.9(0.6–1.5)	1.8(1.2–2.8)	1.9(1.2–3.1)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)
Intermediate density plaque vs. no plaque	Ref	1.0(0.7–1.6)	1.0(0.7–1.7)	1.3(0.8–2.1)	1.0(1.0–1.1)
Echodense Plaque vs. no plaque	Ref	1.1(0.7–1.7)	1.7(1.1–2.7)	1.9(1.2–3.2)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)
Plaque area
Mild TPA vs. no plaque	Ref	1.0 (0.7–1.6)	1.3 (0.9–2.0)	1.7 (1.0–2.7)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)
Moderate TPA vs. no plaque	Ref	1.0 (0.7–1.6)	1.5 (1.0–2.4)	1.4 (0.9–2.3)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)
Severe TPA vs. no plaque	Ref	1.0 (0.6–1.7)	1.8 (1.1–3.0)	2.2 (1.3–3.7)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)

^*Adjusted for demographics, vascular risk factors, renal insufficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency

^£The cutoff thresholds for tHcy quartiles (1–4): 3–7, 7.1–8.5, 8.6–10.4, and 10.5–86.3 μmol/l