Table 3.

Simulation of varied substrate availability: baseline ATP consumption

βGlucose	βOleate	βAcetoacetate	βLactate	$\left({\mathbf{v}}_{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{2}}}\right)$	vs	$\left({\mathit{C}}_{{\mathit{i}}^{\mathbf{+}}}\right)$
				$\mathbf{\left[}\frac{\mathbf{\text{mmol}}}{\mathbf{\text{min}}\mathbf{·}\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{\text{cell}}\mathbf{\right)}}\mathbf{\right]}$	$\mathbf{\left[}\frac{\mathbf{\text{mmol}}}{\mathbf{\text{min}}\mathbf{·}\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{\text{cell}}\mathbf{\right)}}\mathbf{\right]}$
0.00	1.00	0.00	0.00	4.1101	0.1626	0.6849
1.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.6007	0.6005	0.6576
0.00	0.00	1.00	0.00	3.9269	0.9806	0.2791
0.00	0.00	0.00	1.00	3.8124	1.2701	0.2091
0.79	0.21	0.00	0.00	3.8534	0.3823	0.7334
0.42	0.37	0.09	0.12	3.9830	0.3154	0.7000
0.33	0.19	0.43	0.05	3.9420	0.4536	0.6500
0.20	0.16	0.26	0.38	3.9485	0.5292	0.6000
0.46	0.03	0.46	0.05	3.7757	0.6847	0.5500
0.17	0.09	0.01	0.73	3.8880	0.7020	0.5000
0.20	0.04	0.41	0.35	3.8534	0.7841	0.4500
0.16	0.03	0.33	0.48	3.8448	0.8575	0.4000
0.06	0.05	0.03	0.86	3.8794	0.8942	0.3600
0.02	0.02	0.52	0.44	3.9010	0.9677	0.3000
0.07	0.00	0.07	0.86	3.7930	1.1556	0.2500
0.00	0.00	0.13	0.87	3.8297	1.2247	0.2070

All data is ranked by the calculated efficiency in descending order and given fully for exclusive utilization of each substrate. Results for altered substrate availability are listed by the achieved efficiency with a value of: 0.25, 0.3,0.36, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65 and 0.7. A substrate combination of 79% glucose and 21% oleate to the total substrate uptake rate attained the highest calculated efficiency ( $\left(C_{i^{+}}=0.7334\right)$). Least efficient ( $\left(C_{i^{+}}=0.2070\right)$) was a combination of 13% acetoacetate and 87% lactate. For a complete overview of all results, please see Additional file 8 and 9. $\left(v_{O_2}\right)$ indicates oxygen demand; v_s, total substrate uptake rate; and $\left(C_{i^{+}}\right)$, calculated efficiency.