Figure 2.

(a) Control experiments were run without an applied voltage to verify that the cells were randomly distributed in the absence of an electric field; (b) normalized cell distribution from (a). (c) Due to negative DEP force, cells move towards the bottom half of the channel at 10 kHz and 200 V_RMS; (d) normalized cell distribution from (c). (e) Due to positive DEP force, cells move towards the top half of the channel at 60 kHz and 200 V_RMS; (f) normalized cell distribution from (e). The red solid line in (a), (c), and (e) showed the location that cells distribution was studied. The red dashed line in (b), (d), and (f) shows the center line of the cell distribution.