Table 4.

Summary of the findings of group comparison among children affected by HIV/AIDS, children orphaned by non-AIDS causes, and children from HIV-free families

Studies	Emotional Adjustment				Behavioral Adjustment				Social Adjustment
	A vs. C	V vs. C	A vs. V	A vs. O	A vs. C	V vs. C	A vs. V	A vs. O	A vs. C	V vs. C	A vs. V	A vs. O
Cluver et al. (2010–2007)	<			<	<			<
Li, Zhao, & Zhao et al. (2011–2009)	<	<	ns		<	<	ns		<	<	ns
Muller et al. (2011)									<
Doku (2010–2009)	<	<	ns	ns	<	<	ns	ns	<	ns	<	<
Kaggwa et al. (2010)	mixed								ns
Nyamukapa et al. (2010)	<
Onuoha et al. (2010–2009)	<			<					<			<
Xu et al. (2010) b	<								<
Delva et al. (2009)	<			<
Ruiz-Casares et al. (2009)	<
Killian et al.(2008)	<	<	ns		<	<	ns
Mellins & Brackis-Cott et al. (2008–2007)		ns				ns
Nyamukapa et al. (2008)	<	mixed	ns		<	mixed	ns
Ostergaard et al. (2008) b	<
He et al. (2007)	<								<
Cluver et al. (2006)	ns				ns				ns
Howard et al. (2006)	<								<
Atwine et al. (2005)	<				<				ns
Bhargava et al. (2005)				<								<
Makame et al. (2002)	<
Esposito et al. (1999)b	<				<				<
Forehand et al. (1998)		<				<				<
Forehand et al. (1997)		<				ns				ns
Sengendo et al.(1997	<								<
Forsyth et al. (1996)		<
Cluver et al. (2011) a	< to <			< to <
Rotheram-Borus, Lee, & Lester et al. (2007–2001)a			< to ns				mixed to mixed
Pelton et al. (2005) a	< to ns		ns to <		< to ns		ns to ns
Forehand et al (2002) a		mixed to mixed				ns to ns
Forehand et al.(1999) a	ns to ns				ns to ns

Note.

^alongitudinal studies;

^bstudies that combined AIDS orphans and vulnerable children as one study group.

ns, no significance; <, poorer than; A = AIDS orphans, V = Vulnerable children, C = Comparison children, O = Other orphans