EPCs are thought to contribute mainly to neovascularization, while VSELs, MSCs and HSCs variably support neovascularization and tissue regeneration through paracrine effects on native cell survival and RPC proliferation, as well as infrequent direct cellular differentiation.
EPC: Endothelial progenitor cell; HSC: Hematopoietic stem cell; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; RPC: Resident progenitor cell; VSEL: Very small embryonic-like cell.