Table 1. Study characteristics of subpopulations included.
| Country (income status) |
Age group (years) |
Individuals with HIV in cohort (%) |
Population | Individuals assessed (n) |
Individuals followed up and included in analysis (n) |
IPT given (%)* | Tuberculosis diagnoses included |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doherty et al (2002)30 |
Ethiopia (LIC) | Adults (15–65) |
No; exclusion criterion |
Tuberculosis case-contacts |
38 | 24 | No | Smear and culture |
| Hill et al (2008)32 |
The Gambia (LIC) |
Adults and children (0·5–100) |
Yes (2%) | Tuberculosis case-contacts |
2381 | 2348 | No | TST, smear, and culture |
| Bakir et al (2008)27 |
Turkey (MIC) | Children (0–16) |
Not stated | Tuberculosis case-contacts |
1024 | 908 | Yes (76% of 908) |
Smear and culture |
| Aichelburg et al (2009)26 |
Austria (HIC) | Adults (IQR 31–46) |
Yes (100%) | Outpatients with HIV |
834 | 822 | No | IGRA and culture |
| Kik et al (2009)35 |
Netherlands (HIC) |
Adults (16–45+) |
No; exclusion criterion |
Tuberculosis case-contacts |
433 | 339 | No; exclusion | Smear and culture |
| Del Corral et al (2009)28 |
Colombia (MIC) |
Adults and children (IQR 10–42) |
Unknown† | Tuberculosis case-contacts |
2060 | 2060 | No | Smear and culture |
| Lienhardt et al (2010)37 |
Senegal (LIC) | Adults and children (18–71) |
Unknown† | Tuberculosis case-contacts |
2762 | 2679 | Yes (% NS) | Smear and culture |
| Yoshiyama et al (2010)39 |
Japan (HIC) | Adults and children (0–60+) |
Unknown† | Tuberculosis case-contacts (retrospective) |
NS | 5676 | Yes (20% of 3102) |
IGRA‡ |
| Leung et al (2010)36 |
China (MIC) | Adults (mean 60) |
Unknown† | Outpatients with silicosis |
331 | 308 | Yes (33% of 203) |
Smear and culture |
| Harstad et al (2010)31 |
Norway (HIC) | Adults (18–50+) |
Unknown† | Asylum seekers | NS | 823 | Yes (3%) | IGRA‡ |
| Diel et al (2010)29 |
Germany (HIC) |
Adults and children (1–62) |
No; exclusion criterion |
Tuberculosis case-contacts |
1417 | 1335 | Yes (% NS) | TST, IGRA, and culture |
| Jonnalagadda et al (2010)33 |
Kenya (LIC) | Adults (24–26) |
Yes (100%) | HIV cohort with no prior tuberculosis (retrospective) |
333 | 258 | No | Self-reported |
| Jonnalagadda et al (2010)33§ |
Kenya (LIC) | Infants (<1) | Unknown | HIV-exposed infants (retrospective) |
327 | 250 | No | Report by the mother |
| Joshi et al (2011)34 |
India (MIC) | Adults (18–40) |
Unknown | Health-care workers with no prior tuberculosis (retrospective) |
726 | 719 | Yes (17% of 360) |
Self-reports (confirmed) |
| Mahomed et al (2011)38 |
South Africa (MIC) |
Adolescents (12–18) |
Unknown | Individuals with no prior tuberculosis |
6363 | 5244 | No | TST, IGRA, smear, and culture |
| Costa et al (2011)40 |
Portugal (HIC) |
Adults (<25–50+) |
No | Health-care workers |
2889 | 2876 | Yes (2% of 2876) |
TST, IGRA, and culture |
HIC=high-income country. IGRA=interferon-γ release assay. IPT=isoniazid preventive treatment. LIC=low-income country. MIC=middle-income country. NS=not stated. TST=tuberculin skin test. The proportion of participants who completed follow-up was more than 80% for all studies except for those done in Norway31 (cannot estimate), Japan39 (55%) and Germany29 (70%)—follow-up rates were not reported in the studies done in Netherlands35 and Norway.31
Bakir et al27 IPT given on the basis of age and positive skin tests; Aichelburg et al26 all eligible participants refused; Yoshiyama et al39 criteria were non-random and non-standard; Leung et al36 given on the basis of TST positivity; Harstad et al31 and Diel et al29 given if IGRA positive; Joshi et al34 given if TST or IGRA positive; and Costa et al40 given to those who had conversion in past 2 years from negative to positive on TST, IGRA, or both, as confi rmed by study investigators.
HIV prevalence unknown but likely to be low, except for the Norwegian cohort where prevalence is probably high.
Confirmed in personal communication with investigators.
Additional information requested from the authors.