Table 1.
Characteristics of male participants by their rye bread- and oatmeal consumption
| All | Rye bread intake in adolescence |
Oatmeal intake in adolescence |
Rye bread intake in midlife |
Oatmeal intake in midlife |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N= 2,268 | Higha, n= 1,046 |
Lowb, n= 1,212 |
Highc, n= 869 |
Lowd, n= 1,386 |
Higha, n= 678 |
Lowb, n= 1,582 |
Highc, n= 572 |
Lowd, n= 1,687 |
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| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Age at entry to the AGES-Reykjavik | |||||||||
| -mean age (SD) | 76.6 (5.3) | 77.9 (5.5) | 75.4 (4.9) | 77.6 (5.5) | 75.9 (5.1) | 78.2 (5.7) | 75.8 (5.0) | 78.2 (5.8) | 76.2 (5.2) |
| Education | |||||||||
| -Primary and Secondary | 1663 (73.3) | 763 (72.9) | 896 (73.9) | 623 (71.7) | 1032 (74.5) | 504 (74.3) | 1155 (73.0) | 400 (69.9) | 1260 (74.7) |
| -College | 314 (13.8) | 146 (14.0) | 165 (13.6) | 125 (14.4) | 185 (13.3) | 90 (13.3) | 222 (14.0) | 84 (14.7) | 226 (13.4) |
| -University | 291 (12.8) | 137 (13.1) | 151 (12.5) | 121 (13.9) | 169 (12.2) | 84 (12.4) | 205 (13.0) | 88 (15.4) | 201 (11.9) |
| Prostate disease in the family | 224 ( 9.9) | 113 (10.8) | 111 ( 9.2) | 99 (11.4) | 123 ( 8.9) | 68 (10.0) | 156 ( 9.9) | 59 (10.3) | 164 ( 9.7) |
| Regular health check-up | 421 (18.6) | 189 (18.1) | 229 (18.9) | 154 (17.7) | 263 (19.0) | 120 (17.7) | 297 (18.8) | 113 (19.8) | 301 (17.8) |
| Diabetes type 2 in midlife | 38 ( 1.7) | 18 ( 1.7) | 20 ( 1.7) | 17 ( 2.0) | 21 ( 1.5) | 13 ( 1.9) | 25 ( 1.6) | 10 ( 1.7) | 28 ( 1.7) |
| Smoking status in midlife | |||||||||
| -Never | 575 (25.4) | 276 (26.4) | 295 (24.3) | 251 (28.9) | 323 (23.3) | 181 (26.7) | 390 (24.7) | 172 (30.1) | 401 (23.8) |
| -Previously | 529 (23.3) | 274 (26.2) | 253 (20.9) | 202 (23.2) | 321 (23.2) | 165 (24.3) | 363 (22.9) | 154 (26.9) | 374 (22.2) |
| -Current | 1164 (51.3) | 496 (47.4) | 664 (54.8) | 416 (47.9) | 742 (53.5) | 332 (49.0) | 829 (52.4) | 246 (43.0) | 912 (54.1) |
| Early life residency e | |||||||||
| -Reykjavik | 816 (36.9) | 336 (32.9) | 477 (40.4) | 214 (25.6) | 594 (43.6) | 221(33.5) | 592 (38.3) | 179 (32.3) | 633 (38.4) |
| -Sea village | 724 (32.7) | 309 (30.2) | 414 (35.1) | 281 (33.6) | 443 (32.5) | 210 (31.9) | 514 (33.2) | 177 (31.9) | 547 (33.2) |
| -Rural area | 599 (27.1) | 341 (33.4) | 253 (21.4) | 310 (37.0) | 286 (21.0) | 203 (30.8) | 392 (25.4) | 184 (33.2) | 411 (24.9) |
| -Combination of rural area / sea village | 74 ( 3.3) | 37 ( 3.6) | 36 ( 3.1) | 32 ( 3.8) | 40 ( 2.9) | 25 ( 3.8) | 48 ( 3.1) | 14 ( 2.5) | 59 ( 3.6) |
| BMI ≥ 30 in midlife | 163 ( 7.2) | 84 ( 8.0) | 79 ( 6.5) | 44 ( 5.1) | 172 ( 9.1) | 47 ( 7.0) | 116 ( 7.3) | 28 ( 4.9) | 135 ( 8.0) |
| Mean BMI (m/kg2) in midlife (SD) | 25.5 (3.1) | 25.6 (3.1) | 25.4 (3.1) | 25.3 (3.0) | 25.6 (3.2) | 25.6 (3.1) | 25.4 (3.1) | 25.2 (3.0) | 25.6 (3.2) |
| Mean height (cm) in midlife (SD) | 177.9 (6.0) | 177.7 (6.0) | 178.1 (6.0) | 177.5 (5.9) | 178.2 (6.1) | 177.7 (6.1) | 178.0 (6.0) | 177.8 (6.1) | 178.0 (6.0) |
| High intake of other food groups f | |||||||||
| -Milk and milk products (daily or more ) | 1804 (79.5) | 935 (89.4) | 863 (71.2) | 760 (87.5) | 1031 (74.5) | 512 (75.5) | 909 (57.8) | 431 (75.6) | 991 (58.8) |
| -Fish (> 4 portions per week ) | 868 (38.3) | 460 (44.0) | 404 (33.4) | 407 (46.9) | 457 (33.0) | 256 (37.8) | 423 (26.8) | 240 (42.0) | 440 (26.1) |
| -Fish liver oil (≥ 1 per week ) | 1461 (64.4) | 657 (63.0) | 797 (66.0) | 599 (69.2) | 857 (62.0) | 502 (74.3) | 1168 (74.1) | 468 (82.1) | 1202 (71.4) |
| -Meat (≥ 5 per week ) | 114 ( 5.0) | 58 ( 5.6) | 55 ( 4.5) | 42 ( 4.9) | 70 ( 5.1) | 84 (12.4) | 144 ( 9.1) | 72 (12.6) | 156 ( 9.3) |
| - Fruits (daily or more ) | 21 ( 0.9) | 16 ( 1.5) | 5 ( 0.4) | 6 ( 0.7) | 15 ( 1.1) | 35 ( 5.2) | 67 ( 4.2) | 42 ( 7.5) | 60 ( 3.6) |
| - Vegetables (daily or more ) | 35 ( 1.5) | 27 ( 2.6) | 7 ( 0.7) | 20 ( 2.3) | 15 ( 1.1) | 55 ( 8.1) | 59 ( 3.7) | 52 ( 9.1) | 62 ( 3.7) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; cm, centimeters; kg, kilogram; m, meter; SD, standard deviation
a
Consuming rye bread daily
b
Consuming rye bread less than daily
c
Consuming oatmeal five times per week or more
d
Consuming oatmeal four times per week or less
e
Data on residency is missing for 55 men
f
At the same time (adolescence/midlife) when rye bread and otamel consumption was high or low. High consumption in adolsecence is shown for all particpants (n=2,268)