Table 5.

Hydration practices for each included study

Authors, year and reference	Hydration practice
Arngrïmsson et al., 2004 [24]	Pre-test: instructed to drink water and other non-caffeinated beverages liberally
	During the warm-up: water ad libitum. Tap temperature. Amount was recorded and repeated for the second condition.
	Not reported/performed during exercise
Booth et al., 1997 [42]	During exercise trial: water ad libitum
Cotter et al., 2001 [25]	Pre-test: instructed to drink at least 15 ml/kg BM 2 to 3 h before arrival at laboratory
	During the warm-up: water ad libitum after warm-up and before exercise trial
	Not reported/performed during exercise
Duffield et al., 2010 [41]	Pre-test: 500 ml water 60 min before arrival at the laboratory
	Not reported/performed during exercise
Gonzalez-Alonso et al., 1999 [40]	Pre-test: 200 to 300 ml with breakfast
	Not reported/performed during exercise
Hasegawa et al., 2006 [43]	Pre-test: 500 ml 2 h before the trial
	Immersion: no fluid ingestion
	Immersion + water ingestion: water (14 to 16°C) every 5 min during exercise equal to volume sweat loss in sweat test performed at a prior visit to laboratory
	Water ingestion: water (14 to 16°C) every 5 min during exercise equal to volume sweat loss in sweat test performed at a prior visit to laboratory
	Control: no fluid ingestion
Ihsan et al., 2010 [16]	Pre-test: adequate hydration was strongly encouraged before testing
	Pre-cooling: 6.8 g/kg BM ice slurry in 150 to 200 g aliquots in intervals of 8 to 10 minutes over a period of 30 minutes (1.4 ± 1.1°C)
	Control: 6.8 g/kg BM tap water slurry in 150 to 200 g aliquots in intervals of 8 to 10 minutes over a period of 30 minutes (26.8 ± 1.3°C)
	During exercise trial: 100 ml water (26.8 ± 1.3°C) at four intervals
Kay et al., 1999 [28]	During exercise trial: water ad libitum
Quod et al., 2008 [27]	Pre-test: 250 ml sport drink diluted to half the manufacturer's recommended strength
	During exercise trial: 250 ml sport drink diluted to half the manufacturer's recommended strength
Ross et al., 2011 [17]	Pre-test: water (4°C) ad libitum throughout heat stabilization and warm-up
	Pre-cooling: 14 g/kg BM ice slurry in two 7 g/kg BM boluses 15 minutes apart
	Control: water (4°C) ad libitum
	During exercise trial: subjects were provided with 350 ml of a 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte drink at 12.5 and 37.5 km to consume ad libitum for the next km (drinks left out in heat temperature to simulate race conditions)
Siegel et al., 2010 [18]	Pre-test: instructed to drink at least 2 l fluid the day before the trial, and 400 ml during the meal consumed before the trial
	Pre-cooling: 7.5 g/kg BM ice slurry (-1°C) with 5% carbohydrate in 1.25 g/kg BM aliquots every 5 minutes over a period of 30 minutes
	Control: 7.5 g/kg BM water (4°C) with 5% carbohydrate in 1.25 g/kg BM aliquots every 5 minutes over a period of 30 minutes
	Not reported/performed during exercise
Siegel et al., 2012 [19]	Pre-test: instructed to drink at least 2 l fluid the day before the trial, and 400 ml during the meal consumed before the trial
	Pre-cooling: 7.5 g/kg BM ice slurry (-1°C) with 5% carbohydrate in 1.25 g/kg BM aliquots every 5 minutes over a period of 30 minutes
	Immersion: 7.5 g/kg BM water (37°C) with 5% carbohydrate in 1.25 g/kg BM aliquots every 5 minutes over a period of 30 minutes
	Control: 7.5 g/kg BM water (37°C) with 5% carbohydrate in 1.25 g/kg BM aliquots every 5 minutes over a period of 30 minutes
	Not reported/performed during exercise
Ückert and Joch, 2007 [26]	Pre-test: avoid fluid for 3 h before start of test
	Not reported/performed during exercise

BM = body mass.