Table 2.
Univariate analysis of baseline characteristics and interventions in ALI cases and matched controls
| ALI cases n = 112 |
Controls n = 112 |
Odds ratio | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) Median (IQR) |
64.5 (53.5-72.0) |
62.0 (53.0-71.5) |
1.00 (0.98-1.03) | 0.65 |
| Male gender n (%) |
56 (50) | 61 (55) | 1.43 (0.68-3.3) | 0.52 |
| BMI Median (IQR) |
26.7 (24.07-31.05) | 26.4 (21.9-30.4) |
1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 0.48 |
| Ever smoker n (%) |
66 (59) | 52 (46) | 1.24 (0.96-1.65) | 0.07 |
| Alcohol abuse n (%) |
13 (12) | 9 (8) | 1.28 (0.74-1.93) | 0.37 |
| Pneumonia type | 0.007a | |||
| n (%) | ||||
| CAP | 33 (29.5) | 55 (49) | 0.32 (0.15-0.63) | |
| HCAP | 33 (29.5) | 29 (26) | 1.22 (0.66-2.27) | |
| HAP | 46 (41) | 28 (25) | 2.10 (1.19-3.86) | |
| Charlson score Median (IQR) |
3 (2-4) | 2 (1-4) | 1.0 (0.88-1.14) | 0.26 |
| Aspiration n (%) | 8 (7.1) | 4 (3.6) | 1.84 (0.63-6.55) | 0.25 |
| Diabetes n (%) | 25 (22) | 33 (29) | 0.71 (0.39-1.26) | 0.24 |
| Immunosuppression n (%) |
52 (46.4) | 50 (44.6) | 1.13 (0.54-2.36) | 0.73 |
| Pneumonia severity index score Median (IQR) |
115 (92-142) | 101 (76-119) |
1.02 (1.01-1.03) | < 0.001 a |
| Shock n (%) | 47 (42) | 9 (8) | 16.3 (5.47-79.04) | < 0.001 a |
| Respiratory rate Median (IQR) |
23 (20-28) | 20 (18-24) | 1.04 (1.00-1.08) | 0.05 |
| SaO2/FiO2 Median (IQR) |
236 (107-336) |
336 (247-448) |
0.995 (0.993-0.997 | < 0.001 a |
| Bilateral infiltrates n (%) |
61 (54.5) | 31 (38.2) | 3.67 (1.92-7.61) | < 0.001 a |
| Pleural effusion n (%) |
23 (20.5) | 17 (15.4) | 1.34 (0.68-2.69) | 0.38 |
| Interventions | ||||
| Time to antibiotics (hours) Median (IQR) |
0 (0-9) | 0 (0-3) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 0.11 |
| Appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment n (%) |
62 (55.4) | 85 (75.9) | 0.29 (0.13-0.58) | < 0.001 a |
| Any transfusion n (%) |
38 (33.9) | 15 (13.4) | 4.53 (2.08-11.59) | < 0.001 a |
| Platelets | 15 (13.4) | 4 (3.6) | 6.50 (1.47-59.33) | 0.0098 a |
| Red blood cells | 31 (27.7) | 13 (11.6) | 4.0 (1.59-11.96) | 0.002 a |
| Fresh frozen plasma | 10 (8.9) | 1 (0.9) | - | 0.008 a |
| Corticosteroids systemic n (%) |
48 (42.9) | 51 (45.5) | 0.89 (0.51-1.55) | 0.67 |
| Mechanical ventilation n (%) |
95 (85) | 24 (21) | 29.4 (10.2-141.17) | < 0.001 a |
| Invasive | 80 (71) | 19 (17) | 18.36 (7.24-66.69) | |
| Noninvasive | 15 (14) | 5 (4) | 2.83 (1.13-8.25) | |
BMI, Body mass index; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; HAP, hospital-acquired pneumonia; HCAP, healthcare-associated pneumonia; IQR, interquartile range.a
a- statistically significant