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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 11.
Published in final edited form as: Methods Mol Biol. 2011;756:133–148. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-160-4_6

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Linking GPCR polymorphisms and ligand efficacy. (a) Schematic representation of β1-adrenergic receptor variants. (b) Chemical structure of two β-blockers. (c) Effect of β1-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms on beta-blocker responses. Examples of the FRET ratio FYFP/FCFP signals recorded from single cells expressing the Gly389– β1AR CFP/YFP sensor (black traces) or the Arg389–β1ARCFP/YFP sensor (gray traces) after application the beta-blockers carvedilol or metoprolol. Note the marked inverse agonist effect of carvedilol on the Arg389-β1AR variant. Adapted from (14).