Table 3.

Maternal Factors (Work Site and Personal) Associated with 152 Pregnancies

Factor	Ratio (n/total n)	Percentage (%)
Work environment during pregnancy
Very unsupportive	10/152	7
Somewhat unsupportive	11/152	7
Neutral	15/152	10
Somewhat supportive	49/152	32
Very supportive	66/152	43
Not applicable	1/152	1
Stage of maternal career at childbirth
Prior to medical school	4/152	3
During medical school	7/152	5
During residency	44/152	29
During fellowship	23/152	15
While attending	66/152	43
Other	8/152	5
Maternal work status postpartum
Full-time	122/152	80
Part-time	29/152	19
Had not returned by time of study	1/152	1
Flexibility of work schedule/rotation postpartum
Yes	62/151a	41
Somewhat	25/151a	17
No	64/151a	42
Maternal mental health postpartum
Severely depressed	8/152	5
Mildly depressed	27/152	18
Not depressed at all	117/152	77
Maternal energy level postpartum
Always tired	15/152	10
Often tired	58/152	38
Sometimes tired	68/152	45
Seldom tired	11/152	7
Maternal stress level postpartum
Very stressed	40/152	26
Somewhat stressed	64/152	42
Seldom stressed	48/152	32
Sufficient time at work for milk expression
Never	8/122b	7
Occasionally	15/122b	12
Sometimes	33/122b	27
Often	35/122b	29
Always	31/122b	25
Appropriate place at work for milk expression
Never	12/122b	10
Occasionally	18/122b	15
Sometimes	18/122b	15
Often	9/122b	7
Always	65/122b	53

^aThe total number used for determining ratio and percentages of schedule flexibility postpartum was 151, as one mother had not returned to work yet.

^bThe total number used for determining ratio and percentages of availability of time and place at work for milk expression was 122, the number of situations where mothers expressed milk at work postpartum.